Sky is the limit!

Calculus Level 5

α = 1 99 lim n k = 1 α n 1 + n k n = a b \large \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \lim_{n \to \infty} \prod_{k=1}^{\alpha n} \sqrt [n] {1+\frac nk} = a^b

The equation above holds true for some positive integers a a and b b . Find the minimum value of a + b a+b .


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The answer is 200.

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Feb 22, 2017

P = α = 1 99 lim n k = 1 α n 1 + n k n = α = 1 99 lim n exp ( k = 1 α n ln ( 1 + n k n ) ) = α = 1 99 exp ( lim n k = 1 α n 1 n ln ( 1 + 1 k n ) ) Riemann’s sum: lim n k = a b 1 n f ( k n ) = lim n a / n lim n b / n f ( x ) d x = α = 1 99 exp ( 0 α ln ( 1 + 1 x ) d x ) = α = 1 99 exp ( 0 α ln ( x + 1 x ) d x ) = α = 1 99 exp ( 0 α ln ( x + 1 ) ln x d x ) = α = 1 99 exp ( ( x + 1 ) ( ln ( x + 1 ) 1 ) x ( ln x 1 ) 0 α ) = α = 1 99 exp ( ( x + 1 ) ln ( x + 1 ) 1 x ln x ) 0 α ) = α = 1 99 exp ( ln ( ( α + 1 ) α + 1 α α ) ) = α = 1 99 ( α + 1 ) α + 1 α α = α = 1 99 ( α + 1 ) α + 1 α = 1 99 α α = α = 2 100 α α α = 1 99 α α = 10 0 100 1 1 = 10 0 100 \begin{aligned} P & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \lim_{n \to \infty} \prod_{k=1}^{\alpha n} \sqrt [n] {1+\frac nk} \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \lim_{n \to \infty} \exp \left(\sum_{k=1}^{\alpha n} \ln \left(\sqrt [n] {1+\frac nk}\right) \right) \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \exp \left({\color{#3D99F6}\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=1}^{\alpha n} \frac 1n \ln \left(1+\frac 1{\frac kn} \right)} \right) \quad \quad \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{ Riemann's sum: } \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k=a}^b \frac 1n f\left(\frac kn\right) = \int_{\lim_{n \to \infty} a/n}^{\lim_{n \to \infty} b/n} f(x) \ dx \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \exp \left({\color{#3D99F6} \int_0^\alpha \ln \left(1+\frac 1x \right) dx} \right) \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \exp \left(\int_0^\alpha \ln \left(\frac {x+1}x \right) dx \right) \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \exp \left(\int_0^\alpha \ln (x+1) - \ln x \ dx \right) \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \exp \left((x+1)(\ln (x+1) -1) - x (\ln x - 1) \bigg|_0^\alpha \right) \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \exp \left((x+1)\ln (x+1) -1 - x \ln x) \bigg|_0^\alpha \right) \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \exp \left( \ln \left(\frac {(\alpha+1)^{\alpha+1}}{\alpha^\alpha} \right) \right) \\ & = \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \frac {(\alpha+1)^{\alpha+1}}{\alpha^\alpha} = \frac { \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} (\alpha+1)^{\alpha+1}}{ \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \alpha^\alpha} \\ & = \frac { \prod_{\alpha = 2}^{100} \alpha^\alpha}{ \prod_{\alpha = 1}^{99} \alpha^\alpha} = \frac {100^{100}}{1^1} = 100^{100} \end{aligned}

\implies the minimum a + b = 100 + 100 = 200 a+b = 100+100 = \boxed{200}

Did u,by any chance, miss a 1 n \frac{1}{n} term in defining the Riemann sum?Or was it intended as is?

Rohith M.Athreya - 4 years, 3 months ago

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Yes, and thanks.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 4 years, 3 months ago

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no problem,and my many thanks for having posted a very elaborate solution(something i could never have managed by myself)

Rohith M.Athreya - 4 years, 3 months ago

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@Rohith M.Athreya I rephrased and redid the LaTex the problem for you earlier.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 4 years, 3 months ago

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@Chew-Seong Cheong Oh!It was you! Thanks a lot!

i used to \Pi before instead of \prod

thanks for teaching me that

Rohith M.Athreya - 4 years, 3 months ago

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@Rohith M.Athreya Good question Rohith. Did you formulate it? Or was it based off of some inspiration?

Anirudh Chandramouli - 4 years, 3 months ago

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@Anirudh Chandramouli I was reading a paper on the euler-mascheroni constant and saw that summation of ln(1+1/k) telescopes and I started investigating a bit and ended up with [ 2 n C n ] 1 / n [^{2n}C_{n}]^{1/n} converged to 4 as n went to infinity and then I generalized it

Rohith M.Athreya - 4 years, 3 months ago

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@Rohith M.Athreya Oh awesome !! :p

Sumanth R Hegde - 4 years, 3 months ago

@Rohith M.Athreya Very well done buddy.. I had fun solving it :)

Anirudh Chandramouli - 4 years, 3 months ago

I thought I could post the first solution. And then saw the extent of your solution after solving the question and realised any other solution would be redundant. Extremely accurate solution Sir.

Anirudh Chandramouli - 4 years, 3 months ago

Great sir!!!!!!!

Shubham Yadav - 4 years, 3 months ago

I solved it using sterling approximation

Mr. Math - 4 years, 3 months ago

did the same way !!!

A Former Brilliant Member - 3 years, 7 months ago

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