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Algebra Level 3

a ( 1 b + 1 c ) , b ( 1 c + 1 a ) , c ( 1 a + 1 b ) \large a(\frac 1b+\frac 1c),b(\frac 1c+\frac 1a),c(\frac 1a+\frac 1b)

Given that the above three numbers are in an Arithmetic Progressions (AP).

Then which one of the following is true?


Details and Assumptions:

\bullet GP corresponds to Geometric Progressions

\bullet HP corresponds to Harmonic Progressions

\bullet AGP corresponds to Arithmetico-Geometric Progressions

a , b , c a,b,c are in HP a , b , c a,b,c are in AP a , b , c a,b,c are in GP a , b , c a,b,c are in AGP

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2 solutions

Skanda Prasad
Dec 1, 2017

James Wilson
Jan 27, 2018

To start, I will use a property of triplets in arithmetic progression: a ( 1 b + 1 c ) + c ( 1 a + 1 b ) = 2 b ( 1 c + 1 a ) . a\Big(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\Big)+c\Big(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\Big)=2b\Big(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\Big). Multiply through by a b c abc , and rearrange the terms to get 2 ( a + c ) b 2 ( a 2 + c 2 ) b a c ( a + c ) = 0 b = a 2 + c 2 ± a 4 + 2 a 2 c 2 + b 4 8 ( a c ) ( a + c ) 2 4 ( a + c ) 2(a+c)b^2-(a^2+c^2)b-ac(a+c)=0\Rightarrow b=\frac{a^2+c^2\pm\sqrt{a^4+2a^2c^2+b^4-8(-ac)(a+c)^2}}{4(a+c)} b = a 2 + c 2 ± a 4 + 8 a 3 c + 16 a 2 c 2 + 8 a c 3 + c 4 4 ( a + c ) = a 2 + c 2 ± ( a 2 + 4 a c + c 2 ) 4 ( a + c ) = a + c 2 , a c a + c \Rightarrow b=\frac{a^2+c^2\pm\sqrt{a^4+8a^3c+16a^2c^2+8ac^3+c^4}}{4(a+c)}=\frac{a^2+c^2\pm (a^2+4ac+c^2)}{4(a+c)}=\frac{a+c}{2},-\frac{ac}{a+c} The solution b = a c a + c b=-\frac{ac}{a+c} implies 1 a + 1 b + 1 c = 0 \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0 , which, in turn, implies the common difference is b ( 1 c + 1 a ) a ( 1 b + 1 c ) = b ( 1 b ) a ( 1 a ) = 1 + 1 = 0 b\Big(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\Big)-a\Big(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\Big)=b\Big(-\frac{1}{b}\Big)-a\Big(-\frac{1}{a}\Big)=-1+1=0 . So, for example, a = 1 , b = 2 , c = 2 a=1,b=-2,c=-2 gives a constant sequence for a ( 1 b + 1 c ) , b ( 1 c + 1 a ) , c ( 1 a + 1 b ) a\Big(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\Big),b\Big(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\Big),c\Big(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\Big) because 1 1 2 1 2 = 0 1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=0 , but the sequence a , b , c a,b,c is clearly not arithmetic. So, I must add the assumption that the original sequence is not constant. The other solution b = a + c 2 b=\frac{a+c}{2} is equivalent to a + c = 2 b a+c=2b , which allows us to conclude a , b , c a,b,c are in arithmetic progression.

Umm... nice approach... but you think this much hard work is required? Looks like there are pretty good chances of making simplification mistakes(to me)...

Skanda Prasad - 3 years, 4 months ago

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Yes, it's definitely more work than necessary. However, I figured, in terms of solutions, the more, the merrier. Nice job on your solution, by the way. Very clever.

James Wilson - 3 years, 4 months ago

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Hahaha! Thanks a lot for the appreciation!

Please don't take my previous comment otherwise... I wasn't criticizing your solution at the slightest...I just meant it's a bit long that's all...

Skanda Prasad - 3 years, 4 months ago

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@Skanda Prasad You're welcome. No offense taken. ;)

James Wilson - 3 years, 4 months ago

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