Solve for x

Algebra Level 2

Find the total number of values of x x satisfying

( 3 + 1 ) 2 x + ( 3 1 ) 2 x = 2 3 x { \left( \sqrt { 3 } +1 \right) }^{ 2x }+{ \left( \sqrt { 3 } -1 \right) }^{ 2x }={ 2 }^{ 3x }


The answer is 1.

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12 solutions

Trevor B.
Jun 22, 2014

This looks difficult at first, but notice that the numbers look like part of a trigonometric equation. Rewrite the equation, trying to achieve some recognizable trigonometric value. ( 3 + 1 ) 2 x + ( 3 1 ) 2 x = 2 3 x ( 3 + 1 ) 2 x + ( 3 1 ) 2 x = ( 2 2 ) 2 x ( 3 + 1 2 2 ) 2 x + ( 3 1 2 2 ) 2 x = 1 ( 6 + 2 4 ) 2 x + ( 6 2 4 ) 2 x = 1 ( sin 5 π 12 ) 2 x + ( cos 5 π 12 ) 2 x = 1 \begin{aligned} \left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^{2x}+\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^{2x}&=2^{3x}\\ \left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^{2x}+\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^{2x}&=\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)^{2x}\\ \left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^{2x}+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^{2x}&=1\\ \left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^{2x}+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^{2x}&=1\\ \left(\sin\dfrac{5\pi}{12}\right)^{2x}+\left(\cos\dfrac{5\pi}{12}\right)^{2x}&=1 \end{aligned} You can solve that by invoking the identity sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1 , \sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1, seeing that x = 1 x=1 is the only solution. Thus, there is 1 \boxed{1} solution.

Also, x cannot be greater than 2 because of Fermat's last theorem...

Satvik Golechha - 6 years, 11 months ago

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Yeah but that theorem is applicable pnly when all terms are integers, while here radicals are involved

Satyam Mohla - 6 years, 11 months ago

your solution is very nice

Chigulla Venkatasrinivas - 6 years, 11 months ago

the solution is 1 nad x=1

ayan adan - 6 years, 11 months ago

i just used my hand Calculator to solved it.. :)

Benedicto Amora Jr. - 6 years, 10 months ago

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weak... XD

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 8 months ago
G D Raghava Iyer
Jun 24, 2014

( 3 + 1 ) 2 x 2 3 x \frac{(\sqrt{3}+1)^{2x}}{2^{3x}} and ( 3 1 ) 2 x 2 3 x \frac{(\sqrt{3}-1)^{2x}}{2^{3x}} as functions of x are 2 strictly monotonically decreasing functions whose sum is again a striclty monotonically decreasing function which evaluates to 2 2 at x = 0 x = 0 and 0 0 as x tends to infinity. Thus it must pass through 1 exactly 1 times. So the number of solutions is also equal to 1

Woah! Great.

Sam Widwiki - 6 years, 11 months ago
Haresh Raval
Jun 24, 2014

taking log both sides, it will be very easy to see that only x=0 satisfies that log eq. Hence no. of solution is 1.

Uh dude x = 0 x=0 doesn't satisfy. :P

Finn Hulse - 6 years, 11 months ago

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2 x l n ( 3 + 1 ) + 2 x l n ( 3 1 ) = 3 x l n 2 2 x l n [ ( 3 + 1 ) ( 3 1 ) ] = 3 x l n 2 2 x l n 2 = 3 x l n 2 S o l : x = 0 2xln(\sqrt{3}+1) + 2xln(\sqrt{3}-1)=3xln2\\ 2xln[(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)]=3xln2\\ 2xln2=3xln2\\ Sol: \ x=0

Haresh Raval - 6 years, 11 months ago

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hey i think u can't take log like this. ln(a+b) is not equal to ln(a)+ln(b). What u did is that ln(a+b)=lna+lnb=ln(ab)...

Akanksha Gupta - 6 years, 11 months ago

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@Akanksha Gupta Hmm... You sometimes make huge silly blunders...thanks

Haresh Raval - 6 years, 11 months ago

@Akanksha Gupta Yes that's exactly correct! Thank you! Otherwise

log ( 20 ) = log ( 10 + 10 ) = log ( 10 ) + log ( 10 ) = 1 + 1 = 2 \log(20)=\log(10+10)=\log(10)+\log(10)=1+1=2

which is clearly not true.

Finn Hulse - 6 years, 11 months ago

Are you trying to tell me that 1 + 1 = 1 1+1=1 ?

Finn Hulse - 6 years, 11 months ago

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@Finn Hulse I am trying to tell you, 0 = 0 0=0 . I am talking about sol. of log equation not the original. But since x is in the powers no.of sol. of original as well log must be the same here in this problem.

Haresh Raval - 6 years, 11 months ago

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@Haresh Raval Oh. But dude the solution to this problem is just 1 1 . I hope you realize that n 0 = 1 n^0=1 for all real n n .

Finn Hulse - 6 years, 11 months ago

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@Finn Hulse but not for 0, as 0 raised to power 0 is not defined.

Prateek Singh - 6 years, 5 months ago

hey you can use this formula lna+lnb=lnab

hansraj sharma - 6 years, 11 months ago

Dear log can't be taken like this you made mistake in taking log on left side

Amit Shrivastava - 6 years, 11 months ago
Karan Gujar
Jun 24, 2014

Its js d guessing thing,see 2x is the index,fr instance remove 'x' & solve.so The final ans comes 8 & 2^3=8,remove x! So both sides come same! Means x=1!

Fox To-ong
Dec 28, 2014

by Fermat's theorem,value of x ranges only from 0 to 1 it cannot be greater than 2, it follows x cannot also be zero, only 1 could be the value of x that only statisfies the given equation.

Krishna Ramesh
Jun 22, 2014

( 3 + 1 ) 2 x + ( 3 1 ) 2 x = 2 3 x { \left( \sqrt { 3 } +1 \right) }^{ 2x }+{ \left( \sqrt { 3 } -1 \right) }^{ 2x }={ 2 }^{ 3x }

( 3 + 1 2 2 ) 2 x + ( 3 1 2 2 ) 2 x = 1 \Rightarrow \quad { \left( \frac { \sqrt { 3 } +1 }{ 2\sqrt { 2 } } \right) }^{ 2x }+\left( \frac { \sqrt { 3 } -1 }{ 2\sqrt { 2 } } \right) ^{ 2x }=1

( sin 75 ) 2 x + ( cos 75 ) 2 x = 1 x m u s t b e e q u a l t o 1 \Rightarrow \quad \left( \sin { 75 } \right) ^{ 2x }+\left( \cos { 75 } \right) ^{ 2x }=1\\ \Rightarrow \quad x\quad must\quad be\quad equal\quad to\quad 1

So, the total number of solutions =1

Hari Dy
Oct 23, 2014

simply u can check by putting, x=0,1,2......only x=1 satisfies th equ., so no. of values is 1.

x cannot be greater than 2 to contradict fermat's last theorem .....and x=2 do not satisfy the equation

Sir what is Fermat's theorem? And could you plz tell me some other theorems regarding this type of problems.

Ajit Ratnaparkhi - 6 years, 11 months ago
Satyam Mohla
Jun 26, 2014

Oh god! I guess there's an easier solution. Take the terms to be like a2+b2,

add and subtract 2ab, to get (a+b)2-2ab=2^3x

simplification leads to 1

2^x-2^(x+1)=2^3x

or 6^x=2^2x+2

Only soln is 1!

(sqtr(3) + 1)^2 = 4 + 2sqtr(3).........(sqtr(3) - 1)^2 = 4 - 2sqtr()........2^3 = 8...
Therefore eqution is....> [4 + 2sqtr(3)]^x + [ 4 - 2sqtr(3)]^x = 8^x...........

Since[ 4 + 2sqtr(3)] + [ 4 - 2sqtr(3)] = 8, ....x = 1.

Breno Gomes
Jun 22, 2014

The most simple way:. { 2 }^{ 3x } = { ( }{ 2 }^{ 3 })^{ x } or { (2 }^{ x })^{ 3 }

So: (\sqrt { { 3 }^{ x } } +\quad 1)^{ 2 }\quad +\quad (\sqrt { { 3 }^{ x } } -\quad 1)^{ 2 }\quad =\quad { (2 }^{ 3 })^{ x }

Then: { 3 }^{ x }\quad +\quad 2\sqrt { { 3 }^{ x } } +\quad 1\quad +\quad { 3 }^{ x }\quad -\quad 2\sqrt { { 3 }^{ x } } +\quad 1\quad =\quad { 8 }^{ x }

Now: { 3 }^{ x }\quad +\quad { 3 }^{ x }\quad +\quad 2\quad =\quad { 8 }^{ x }

Just looking at this one (Now), we can afirm that x = 1. If you try x = 2 or bigger, it'll always be wrong. I know that isn't the right way to do this, but, if you don't have the necessary skills, try this way! That's the brazillian way ;)

Milind Patil
Jun 22, 2014

if x=1,LHS=4+4=8

good question

Milind Patil - 6 years, 11 months ago

Yeah its also true.I dont how this people got 1 ans!

vishal G - 6 years, 11 months ago

The most simple way:. { 2 }^{ 3x } = { ( }{ 2 }^{ 3 })^{ x } or { (2 }^{ x })^{ 3 } So: (\sqrt { { 3 }^{ x } } +\quad 1)^{ 2 }\quad +\quad (\sqrt { { 3 }^{ x } } -\quad 1)^{ 2 }\quad =\quad { (2 }^{ 3 })^{ x } Then: { 3 }^{ x }\quad +\quad 2\sqrt { { 3 }^{ x } } +\quad 1\quad +\quad { 3 }^{ x }\quad -\quad 2\sqrt { { 3 }^{ x } } +\quad 1\quad =\quad { 8 }^{ x } Now:

{ 3 }^{ x }\quad +\quad { 3 }^{ x }\quad +\quad 2\quad =\quad { 8 }^{ x}

Just looking at this one (Now), we can afirm that x = 1. If you try x = 2 or bigger, it'll always be wrong. I know that isn't the right way to do this, but, if you don't have the necessary skills, try this way! That's the brazillian way ;)

Breno Gomes - 6 years, 11 months ago

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