Solving just a Trigonometric Equation!

Geometry Level 5

20 sin ( x ) 21 cos ( x ) = 81 y 2 18 y + 30 \large{20\sin(x) - 21\cos(x) = 81y^2 -18y + 30}

How many ordered pairs of real ( x , y ) (x,y) exists satisfying the above equation subjected to the constraint that 2015 < x < 2015 -2015 < x < 2015 .


The answer is 642.

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1 solution

First, we ought to change the equation in some ways just to make it easy to solve.

29 sin ( x + θ ) = ( 9 y 1 ) 2 + 29 29\sin(x+\theta)=(9y-1)^{2}+29 where θ = arctan ( 21 20 ) \theta = \arctan(\dfrac{21}{20})

Then, we see that the minimum of quadratic equation is equal to the maximum of the trigonometric function. So, these two function will be equal if and only if y = 1 9 y=\dfrac{1}{9} and x + θ = ( 2 n + 1 2 ) π x+\theta = (2n+\dfrac{1}{2})\pi

When x = 2015 x=2015 , n m a x = 320 n_{max}=320

When x = 2015 x=-2015 , n m i n = 321 n_{min}=-321

Hence, the numbers of order pair is N ( ( x , y ) ) = 320 + 321 + 1 = 642 N((x,y))=320+321+1=\boxed{642}

How did you get to 29 sin ( x + θ ) 29\sin(x+\theta) ? I understand that the other side of the equation is obtained by completing the square, but what trig identity did you use for the left-hand side?

Ben Byler - 5 years, 10 months ago

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just write it in the form of 20 29 sin ( x ) + 21 29 cos ( x ) \frac{20}{29}\sin(x)+\frac{21}{29}\cos(x) . So, we can treat the two fractions just like a trigonometric value of some angle,say , θ \theta

คลุง แจ็ค - 5 years, 10 months ago

shit tht !!!! i tried 641 first ,

Rudraksh Sisodia - 5 years, 2 months ago

Was it in radians ! Ah! I thought it was in degrees

Aakash Khandelwal - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Could you please explain where does that 1 1 in last equation come from?

Anandhu Raj - 5 years, 9 months ago

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From n=0 ,guy.

คลุง แจ็ค - 5 years, 9 months ago

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@คลุง แจ็ค Oops! missed that!

Anandhu Raj - 5 years, 9 months ago

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