Sum, floor and inverse

Geometry Level 4

S n = x = 1 n x ! n 6 T = arcsin ( sin ( S n 7 S n 7 ) ) \begin{aligned} S_n & = \displaystyle \sum_{x=1}^n x! \quad \quad n \ge 6 \\ T & = \arcsin \left( \sin \left( S_n - 7 \left\lfloor \dfrac{S_n}{7} \right\rfloor \right) \right) \end{aligned}

Let S n S_n and T T be as defined above, if the value of the integral 0 1 T 1 x 2 d x \displaystyle \int_0^1 \dfrac{T}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} \mathrm{d}x can be represented as a b π π c \dfrac ab \pi - \pi^c for non-negative integers a , b a, b and c c with b 0 b \neq 0 , then evaluate b c + a \dfrac bc + a .


The answer is 6.

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2 solutions

We note that S 6 = x = 1 6 x ! = 873 5 (mod 7) S_6 = \displaystyle \sum_{x=1}^6 x! = 873 \equiv 5 \text{ (mod 7)} and that for n > 6 n > 6 , S n S 6 = x = 7 6 x ! 0 (mod 7) S_n - S_6 = \displaystyle \sum_{\color{#D61F06} x=7}^6 x! \equiv 0 \text{ (mod 7)} . Therefore, for n 6 n \ge 6 , S n 5 (mod 7) S_n \equiv 5 \text{ (mod 7)} , S n = 7 S n 7 + 5 \implies S_n = 7 \left \lfloor \dfrac {S_n}7 \right \rfloor + 5 and S n 7 S n 7 = 5 \color{#3D99F6}S_n - 7 \left \lfloor \dfrac {S_n}7 \right \rfloor = 5 .

Then, we have:

T = arcsin ( sin ( S n 7 S n 7 ) ) = arcsin ( sin ( 5 ) ) = 5 2 π as arcsin θ is defined within π 2 θ π 2 \begin{aligned} T & = \arcsin \left(\sin \left({\color{#3D99F6}S_n - 7 \left \lfloor \frac {S_n}7 \right \rfloor}\right) \right) \\ & = \arcsin \left(\sin \left({\color{#3D99F6}5}\right) \right) \\ & = \color{#3D99F6}5 - 2\pi & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{as } \arcsin \theta \text{ is defined within } -\frac \pi 2 \le \theta \le \frac \pi 2 \end{aligned}

And

I = 0 1 T 1 x 2 d x Let x = sin θ , d x = cos θ d θ = 0 π 2 ( 5 2 π ) cos θ cos θ d θ = ( 5 2 π ) θ 0 π 2 = 5 2 π π 2 \begin{aligned} I & = \int_0^1 \frac T{\sqrt{1-x^2}} dx & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Let }x = \sin \theta, \ dx = \cos \theta \ d\theta \\ & = \int_0^\frac \pi 2 \frac {(5-2\pi)\cos \theta}{\cos \theta} d\theta \\ & = (5-2\pi) \theta \ \bigg|_0^\frac \pi 2 \\ & = \frac 52\pi - \pi^2 \end{aligned}

b c + a = 2 2 + 5 = 6 \implies \dfrac bc + a = \dfrac 22 + 5 = \boxed{6}

Harsh Shrivastava
May 30, 2017

How much are you scoring in today's test @Tapas Mazumdar ?

Not so good just 103. And you?

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years ago

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153 Maybe +-5.

BTW Nimay Gupta getting 181 😰

Harsh Shrivastava - 4 years ago

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Very well. That's awesome. This time I'm gone :P .

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years ago

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@Tapas Mazumdar Buck up! Next time you gonna rock!

I also need to improve, have to reduce mistakes in maths.

Harsh Shrivastava - 4 years ago

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@Harsh Shrivastava Thank you very much. Hope you do amazing as well in the upcoming ones. :D

Tapas Mazumdar - 4 years ago

Me at 120s. :(

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@A Former Brilliant Member You had the same paper?

Harsh Shrivastava - 4 years ago

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@Harsh Shrivastava I am even of the same center!!!

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@A Former Brilliant Member Are u Shivam mishra?

Harsh Shrivastava - 4 years ago

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@Harsh Shrivastava No who is he?

@A Former Brilliant Member Srsly??

You in which batch? I thought you lived in Bangalore !

Harsh Shrivastava - 4 years ago

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@Harsh Shrivastava Actually I don't attend classes so you don't know me.

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