Sum is Product Inequality

Algebra Level 3

Given positive reals a , b , c a,b,c such that a + b + c = a b c a+b+c=abc then the minimum value of ( a 2 + 1 ) ( b 2 + 1 ) ( c 2 + 1 ) \sqrt{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)} is m m . Find the value of 100 m \lfloor 100m\rfloor .


The answer is 800.

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6 solutions

Daniel Liu
Apr 5, 2015

Seeing the condition a + b + c = a b c a+b+c=abc reminds us of the trigonometric substitution a = tan A a=\tan A , b = tan B b=\tan B and c = tan C c=\tan C where A + B + C = π A+B+C=\pi .

Subbing this back in the expression, we get ( tan 2 A + 1 ) ( tan 2 B + 1 ) ( tan 2 C + 1 ) \sqrt{(\tan^2 A+1)(\tan^2B+1)(\tan^2C+1)} Using the identity tan 2 θ + 1 = sec 2 θ \tan^2\theta + 1 = \sec^2\theta we get it equal to ( sec 2 A ) ( sec 2 B ) ( sec 2 C ) = sec A sec B sec C = 1 cos A cos B cos C \sqrt{(\sec^2 A)(\sec^2B)(\sec^2C)}=\sec A\sec B\sec C=\dfrac{1}{\cos A\cos B\cos C}

However, we know that cos A cos B cos C 1 8 \cos A\cos B\cos C\le \dfrac{1}{8} as it is a famous inequality, so 1 cos A cos B cos C 8 \dfrac{1}{\cos A\cos B\cos C}\ge 8 and our answer is 8 100 = 800 \lfloor 8\cdot 100\rfloor =\boxed{800}

Nice solution. Is there any algebraic way to do so. I tried Cauchy Schwartz and AM-GM but was not able to conclude anything. However, there was symmetry in equation , hence putting a=b=c gave me the answer.

Prakash Chandra Rai - 6 years, 2 months ago

If a = b = c = 0 a=b=c=0 , the value of the expression is equal to 1 1 which is definitely lesser than 8 8 .

Marc Vince Casimiro - 6 years, 2 months ago

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0 ∉ R + \displaystyle 0 \not\in \mathbb{R^+} @Marc Vince Casimiro

Satvik Golechha - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Ah, I should have read it carefully :(

Marc Vince Casimiro - 6 years, 2 months ago

@Daniel Liu But if tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C \displaystyle \tan A + \tan B + \tan C = \tan A \tan B \tan C , this does not necessarily mean that A + B + C = π \displaystyle A+B+C= \pi . What this would mean is that A + B + C \displaystyle A+B+C is an integral multiple of π \displaystyle \pi . It is the converse which is true.

Satvik Golechha - 6 years, 1 month ago

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But the substitution is sufficient to cover all possible values of ( a , b , c ) = ( tan A , tan B , tan C ) (a,b,c)=(\tan A,\tan B, \tan C)

Daniel Liu - 6 years, 1 month ago

Yep, same way. Use property of triangle then make it equilateral. +1

Raghav Vaidyanathan - 6 years, 2 months ago

Wouldn't a=1, b=2, c=3, work. then m=4 and solution = 400.

Siva Budaraju - 5 years, 6 months ago

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m would be 10 in your case.

Omar Alor - 5 years, 4 months ago

It is toooooo good...............

sourim Banerjee - 5 years, 5 months ago

a=-1 b=0 c=1 a+b+c =0 abc=0 m=2 100m=200

Yuri Gechelin - 5 years, 1 month ago

Brilliant .. never thought about using trigonometry here..

Nithin Nithu - 6 years, 2 months ago

a=-1 b=0 c=1 a+b+c =0 abc=0 m=2 100m=200

Yuri Gechelin - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Positive integers

Hanif HBK - 2 years, 2 months ago
Yogesh Verma
Apr 6, 2015

I absolutely admire Daniel's approach. But as Samuel wanted an algebraic one, here it is... :)

Alt text Alt text

Nice solution friend. Nice approach.

Prakash Chandra Rai - 6 years, 2 months ago

Will this method be right

as a + b + c = a b c a+b+c=abc

then for min. value we must take the three values equal

a = b = c a=b=c

Now, a + b + c = a b c a+b+c=abc

or, a + a + a = a × a × a a+a+a=a\times a\times a

or, 3 a = a 3 3a=a^{3}

or, a = 3 a=\sqrt{3}

Now as a = 3 a=\sqrt{3} then , a = b = c = 3 a=b=c=\sqrt{3}

Now putting the values in the equation to get the value of m

( a 2 + 1 ) ( b 2 + 1 ) ( c 2 + 1 ) = m \sqrt{(a^{2}+1)(b^{2}+1)(c^{2}+1)} = m

or, ( a 2 + 1 ) ( a 2 + 1 ) ( a 2 + 1 ) = m \sqrt{(a^{2}+1)(a^{2}+1)(a^{2}+1)} = m

or, ( 3 2 + 1 ) ( 3 2 + 1 ) ( 3 2 + 1 ) = m \sqrt{(\sqrt{3}^{2}+1)(\sqrt{3}^{2}+1)(\sqrt{3}^{2}+1)} =m

or, 4 × 4 × 4 = m \sqrt{4\times 4\times 4} = m

or, 8 = m 8=m

Now, as m = 8 m=8 then 100 m = 100 × 8 = 800 100m=100\times 8= 800

Abhisek Mohanty - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Your method is not a solution, because you assumed equality case to be a = b = c a=b=c .

Daniel Liu - 6 years, 2 months ago

We can use Holder's inequality.

Kartik Sharma - 6 years, 2 months ago

Thank you! This solution is brilliant!

Stefan Chircop - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Oh! :) My effort is complete if it appealed to those who wanted algebra solely.

Yogesh Verma - 6 years, 2 months ago

This is beautiful :D

Romeo Gomez - 5 years, 11 months ago

Thanks so much sir for this algebraic approach. Now i understand. :)

samuel ayinde - 6 years, 2 months ago

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Pleasure! :)

Yogesh Verma - 6 years, 2 months ago

Nice but could please tell me what is wrong with this,

By AM-GM inequality,

a + b + c = a b c a+b+c = abc ...........(1)

a + b + c 3 ( a b c ) 1 / 3 a+b+c \geq 3(abc)^{1/3}

( a b c ) 3 27 a b c (abc)^3 \geq 27abc ..........From(1)

a b c 3 3 abc \geq 3\sqrt{3}

Consider two +ve real numbers a 2 , 1 a^2,1 ,Applying AM-Gm inequality, we get,

a 2 + 1 2 ( a 2 ) ( 1 ) \frac{a^2+1}{2} \geq \sqrt{(a^2)(1)}

a 2 + 1 2 a \Rightarrow a^2+1 \geq 2a

a 2 + 1 2 a \Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2+1} \geq \sqrt{2a} ........(2)

Similarly, a 2 + 1 2 b \sqrt{a^2+1} \geq \sqrt{2b} ..........(3)

c 2 + 1 2 c \sqrt{c^2+1} \geq \sqrt{2c} ............(4)

On multiplying (2),(3) and (4), we get,

( a 2 + 1 ) ( b 2 + 1 ) ( c 2 + 1 ) 2 2 a b c \sqrt{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)} \geq 2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{abc} ,

So, the minimum value of the above expression is 2 2 a b c 2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{abc} ,

Now, putting the value of abc in the above expression,

m = 2 2 3 3 \Rightarrow m = 2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3\sqrt{3}}

m 6.4474 m \approx 6.4474

100 m 644.74 100m \approx 644.74

[ 100 m ] = 644 \Rightarrow [100m] = \boxed{644}

Puneet Pinku - 5 years ago

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When you apply AM-GM the second time you got the equality is when a =1, b=1,c=1. However, the first time you apply the AM-GM for abc =3.... which is not the equality case since abc=1.

Kien Dinh - 4 years, 11 months ago

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how did u get that (abc)^2 >= 27 ???

Ibrahim Shindy - 4 years, 11 months ago

how did u get that (abc)^2 >= 27 ???

Ibrahim Shindy - 4 years, 11 months ago

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he raised the power of both sides to the third power so he got (abc)^3≥27(abc) divide both sides by (abc) so you got (abc)^2≥27

Ahmed Mahmoud - 3 years, 1 month ago

i am sorry but can you please clarify how did you get (ab)^2+( bc)^2+(ac)^2 minimised

Ahmed Mahmoud - 3 years, 1 month ago

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i understood it

Ahmed Mahmoud - 3 years, 1 month ago

Brilliant solution!

David Gutiérrez Cambra - 2 years, 4 months ago
Ariel Gershon
Apr 9, 2015

First, let m = a + b + c = a b c , n = a b + b c + c a , m = a+b+c = abc, n = ab+bc+ca, and f ( x ) = ( x + a ) ( x + b ) ( x + c ) f(x) = (x+a)(x+b)(x+c) .

If we expand the formula for f f , we get f ( x ) = x 3 + m x 2 + n x + m f(x) = x^3 + mx^2 + nx + m . Therefore, we have: { f ( i ) = i 3 + n i + m ( i 2 + 1 ) = i + n i = ( n 1 ) i f ( i ) = ( i ) 3 n i + m ( i 2 + 1 ) = i n i = ( n 1 ) i \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} f(i) = i^3+ni + m(i^2+1) = -i + ni = (n-1)i\\ f(-i) = (-i)^3 - ni + m(i^2+1) = i - ni = -(n-1)i\end{array} \right. (where i = 1 i = \sqrt{-1} .) Therefore, ( a 2 + 1 ) ( b 2 + 1 ) ( c 2 + 1 ) = ( a + i ) ( b + i ) ( c + i ) ( a i ) ( b i ) ( c i ) \sqrt{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)} = \sqrt{(a+i)(b+i)(c+i)(a-i)(b-i)(c-i)} = f ( i ) f ( i ) = i 2 ( n 1 ) 2 = ( n 1 ) 2 = n 1 = \sqrt{f(i)f(-i)} = \sqrt{-i^2(n-1)^2} = \sqrt{(n-1)^2} = |n-1| Now let's use the A M G M AM-GM inequality to find a lower bound on n n : n = a b + b c + c a 3 ( a 2 b 2 c 2 3 ) = 3 m 2 / 3 n = ab+bc+ca \ge 3\left(\sqrt[3]{a^2 b^2 c^2}\right) = 3m^{2/3} Since a few people have already proved that a b c 3 3 abc \ge 3\sqrt{3} , I won't bother proving it again. Substituting this gives us n 9 n \ge 9 , and therefore n 1 8 |n-1| \ge \boxed{8} .

Omg you destroy my head haha, beautiful !!!

Romeo Gomez - 5 years, 11 months ago

Amazingly done!

Connor Frankston - 4 years, 10 months ago

a good solution

shashwata sengupta - 4 years, 9 months ago

Complex @ work 2 get the real done# Nice approach @Ariel Gershon

Rajat Dalai - 4 years, 8 months ago

Unique solution! I like it.

Daniel Liu - 6 years, 2 months ago
Samuel Ayinde
Apr 5, 2015

Actually, i used another approach but not sure maybe it's mathematicaly acceptable.

a + b + c = a b c a+b+c=abc ,

therefore, 1 b c + 1 a c + 1 a b = 1 \frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{ab}=1 ,

using A M G M AM-GM ,

1 b c + 1 a c + 1 a b = 1 \frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{ab}=1 \geq 33 1 a 2 b 2 c 2 3 3\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^{2}b^{2}c^{2}}} ,

equality holds when a = b = c a=b=c

therefore, 1 33 1 a 6 1 \geq 3 3\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^{6}}}

1 3 a 2 1 \geq 3a^{-2} ,

a 2 3 a^{2} \geq 3 and

a 3 a \geq \sqrt{3} .

a , b , c 3 a,b,c \geq \sqrt{3}

Subtituting into the inequality,

we get m = 64 = 8 m = \sqrt{64} =8 .

Therefore, floor function of 100 m = 800 100m= 800 .

I don't know maybe this approach is correct.

By replacing 1 a 2 b 2 c 2 \dfrac{1}{a^2b^2c^2} with 1 a 6 \dfrac{1}{a^6} , you assumed the equality case when you haven't proved it yet.

Daniel Liu - 6 years, 2 months ago

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how do i prove it

samuel ayinde - 6 years, 2 months ago

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There is indeed a purely algebraic way to reach the answer which doesn't use your assumption. I suggest u to think over it. I too will try to post it soon! Cheers!

Yogesh Verma - 6 years, 2 months ago

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@Yogesh Verma Wow I'd like to see this! :) Thanks in advance.

Stefan Chircop - 6 years, 2 months ago

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@Stefan Chircop I have posted a solution... Hope it makes sense! =)

Yogesh Verma - 6 years, 2 months ago
Eilon Lavi
Apr 6, 2015

( a 2 + 1 ) ( b 2 + 1 ) ( c 2 + 1 ) (a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)

= 1 + ( a b c ) 2 ( 1 + 1 a 2 + 1 b 2 + 1 c 2 ) =1+(abc)^2(1+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2})

1 + ( a b c ) 2 ( 1 + 3 ( a b c ) 2 / 3 ) \ge 1+(abc)^2(1+3(abc)^{-2/3}) (AM-GM)

= 1 + ( a b c ) 2 + 3 ( a b c ) 4 / 3 =1+(abc)^2+3(abc)^{4/3}

Which is increasing with abc. Thus if equality holds when abc is minimized, then this is minimized.

( ( a + b + c ) / 3 ) 3 a b c ( ( a b c ) / 3 ) 3 a b c a b c 3 3 ((a+b+c)/3)^3 \ge abc \\((abc)/3)^3 \ge abc \\abc \ge 3\sqrt{3}

With equality when a = b = c = 3 a=b=c=\sqrt{3} . As these values minimize abc and also hold the equality, they give the minimum value of m, i.e. ( 3 2 + 1 ) 3 = 8 \sqrt{(\sqrt{3}^2+1)^3}=8

P C
Jan 16, 2016

Using AM-GM we get a + b + c 3 a b c 3 a+b+c\geq3\sqrt[3]{abc} a b c 3 a b c 3 \Leftrightarrow abc\geq3\sqrt[3]{abc} ( a b c ) 2 3 3 \Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{(abc)^2}\geq3 Using a consequense of Holder inequality we get ( a 2 + 1 ) ( b 2 + 1 ) ( c 2 + 1 ) [ 1 + ( a b c ) 2 3 ] 3 4 3 (a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)\geq[1+\sqrt[3]{(abc)^2}]^3\geq4^3 ( a 2 + 1 ) ( b 2 + 1 ) ( c 2 + 1 ) 4 3 = 8 \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)(c^2+1)}\geq\sqrt{4^3}=8 m = 8 100 m = 800 \Rightarrow m=8\Rightarrow \lfloor 100m\rfloor =800 The equality holds when a = b = c = 3 a=b=c=\sqrt{3}

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