Sum of digits is so dangerous

Let A A be the sum of the digits of 444 4 4444 4444^{4444} and B B be the sum of digits of A A . Find the sum of digits of B B .


The answer is 7.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Apr 20, 2017

If C C is the sum of the digits of B B , then C B A 444 4 4444 C \equiv B \equiv A \equiv 4444^{4444} modulo 9 9 . Now 4444 7 ( m o d 9 ) 4444 \equiv 7 \pmod{9} and 7 3 1 ( m o d 9 ) 7^3 \equiv 1 \pmod{9} and 4444 1 ( m o d 3 ) 4444 \equiv 1 \pmod{3} , so that 444 4 4444 7 4444 7 1 7 ( m o d 9 ) 4444^{4444} \equiv 7^{4444} \equiv 7^1 \equiv 7 \pmod{9} Now log 10 444 4 4444 16210.70788 \log_{10} 4444^{4444} \approx 16210.70788 , so that 444 4 4444 5.1 × 1 0 16210 4444^{4444} \approx 5.1 \times 10^{16210} is a 16211 16211 - digit number with leading digit 5 5 , and hence A 5 + 16210 × 9 = 145895 A \le 5 + 16210 \times 9 = 145895 . But then B 1 + 5 × 9 = 46 B \le 1 + 5\times9 = 46 , and hence C 4 + 1 × 9 = 13 C \le 4+1\times9 = 13 . Since 1 C 13 1 \le C \le 13 and C 7 ( m o d 9 ) C \equiv 7 \pmod{9} , we deduce that C = 7 C = \boxed{7} .

@Mark Hennings Sir how did you calculate those logarithmic values? And the leading digit of the number?

Ankit Kumar Jain - 4 years, 1 month ago

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log 10 444 4 4444 = 4444 log 10 4444 \log_{10}4444^{4444} = 4444\log_{10}4444 can be evaluated on any scientific calculator. Then 444 4 4444 = 1 0 0.70788 × 1 0 16210 5.1 × 1 0 16210 4444^{4444} \; = \; 10^{0.70788} \times 10^{16210} \; \approx 5.1 \times 10^{16210} and 1 0 0.70788 10^{0.70788} can be evaluated on any scientific calculator.

Mark Hennings - 4 years, 1 month ago

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Thankyou sir.!! :) :)

Ankit Kumar Jain - 4 years, 1 month ago

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@Ankit Kumar Jain A calculator-free approach would be to note that 4444 < 10000 2 4444 < \frac{10000}{2} , and that 2 4 > 10 2^4 > 10 , so that 444 4 4444 < 1 0 4 × 4444 2 4444 < 1 0 4 × 4444 1 0 1111 = 1 0 16665 4444^{4444} < \frac{10^{4 \times 4444}}{2^{4444}} < \frac{10^{4\times4444}}{10^{1111}} = 10^{16665} Thus A 1 + 16665 × 9 = 149986 A \le 1 + 16665\times9 = 149986 , B 1 + 5 × 9 = 46 B \le 1 + 5\times9=46 and hence C 13 C \le 13 as before.

On further thought we can even simply say that 4444 < 1 0 4 4444 < 10^4 so that 444 4 4444 < 1 0 17776 4444^{4444} < 10^{17776} , so that A 9 × 17776 = 159984 A \le 9\times17776 = 159984 , and hence B 46 B \le 46 and C 13 C \le 13 . Taking the digit sum reduces the size of a number massively, and so even very rough approximations are good enough!

Mark Hennings - 4 years, 1 month ago

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@Mark Hennings That was great sir...Thanks a lot.

Ankit Kumar Jain - 4 years, 1 month ago

The mod 9 thing is really cool. It's really only useful once we know that our answer is going to be a single-digit number or so, though. This problem doesn't really seem possible until you realize the surprisingly small magnitude of the solution.

Alex Li - 4 years, 1 month ago

what a machine :D

Mehdi K. - 4 years, 1 month ago

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