Sum of square of Roots

Algebra Level 5

f ( x ) = a 100 = 1 x a 99 = 1 a 100 a 3 = 1 a 4 a 2 = 1 a 3 a 1 = 1 a 2 a 1 2 + a 1 4 a 1 2 + a 1 16 a 1 2 + a 1 64 a 1 2 + a 1 \displaystyle f(x)=\sum_{a_{100}=1}^{x} \sum_{a_{99}=1}^{a_{100}} \cdots \sum_{a_3=1}^{a_4} \sum_{a_2=1}^{a_3} \sum_{a_1=1}^{a_2}\sqrt{{a_1}^2+{a_1}\sqrt{4{a_1}^2+{a_1}\sqrt{16{a_1}^2+{a_1}\sqrt{64{a_1}^2+{a_1}\sqrt{\cdots}}}}}

Find the sum of square of roots of f ( x ) = 0 f(x)=0

For example: If roots are a , b , c , a,b,c,\cdots then find a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + a^2+b^2+c^2+\cdots


The answer is 338350.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Nov 7, 2017

Firstly, we note that a 2 + a 4 a 2 + a 16 a 2 + a 64 a 2 + a . . . = κ a \sqrt{a^2 + a\sqrt{4a^2 + a\sqrt{16a^2 + a\sqrt{64a^2 + a\sqrt{...}}}}} \; = \; \kappa a where κ = 1 + 4 + 16 + 64 + . . . 1.78 \kappa \; = \; \sqrt{1 + \sqrt{4 + \sqrt{16 + \sqrt{64 + \sqrt{...}}}}} \approx 1.78 Now a = 1 a 2 a 1 = 1 2 a 2 ( a 2 + 1 ) a 2 = 1 a 3 1 2 a 2 ( a 2 + 1 ) = 1 6 a 3 ( a 3 + 1 ) ( a 3 + 2 ) a 3 = 1 a 4 1 6 a 3 ( a 3 + 1 ) ( a 3 + 2 ) = 1 4 ! a 4 ( a 4 + 1 ) ( a 4 + 2 ) ( a 4 + 3 ) \begin{aligned} \sum_{a_=1}^{a_2} a_1& = \; \tfrac12a_2(a_2+1) \\ \sum_{a_2=1}^{a_3}\tfrac12a_2(a_2+1) & = \; \tfrac16a_3(a_3+1)(a_3+2) \\ \sum_{a_3=1}^{a_4}\tfrac16a_3(a_3+1)(a_3+2) & = \; \tfrac{1}{4!}a_4(a_4+1)(a_4+2)(a_4+3) \end{aligned} Continuing this pattern inductively, we obtain a 99 = 1 a 100 a 98 = 1 a 99 a 2 = 1 a 3 a 1 = 1 a 2 a 1 = 1 100 ! a 100 ( a 100 + 1 ) ( a 100 + 2 ) ( a 100 + 99 ) f ( x ) = κ 101 ! x ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 99 ) ( x + 100 ) \begin{aligned} \sum_{a_{99}=1}^{a_{100}} \sum_{a_{98}=1}^{a_{99}} \cdots \sum_{a_2=1}^{a_3} \sum_{a_1=1}^{a_2} a_1 & = \; \tfrac{1}{100!} a_{100}(a_{100}+1)(a_{100}+2)\cdots (a_{100}+99) \\ f(x) & = \; \tfrac{\kappa}{101!} x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)\cdots (x+99)(x+100) \end{aligned} This is defined for positive integer x x only, but we can consider the function f f defined by this formula for any real x x . Then the zeros of f ( x ) f(x) are 0 , 1 , 2 , . . . , 100 0,-1,-2,...,-100 , so the desired answer is 0 2 + ( 1 ) 2 + ( 2 ) 2 + + ( 100 ) 2 = 338350 . 0^2 + (-1)^2 + (-2)^2 + \cdots + (-100)^2 \; = \; \boxed{338350}.

Hm, perhaps this type of function continuation to all reals x x should be stated explicitly. Interesting problem.

James Wilson - 3 years, 5 months ago

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Actually, I don't think you can call it a "continuation" because it does not match the value of the original function for nonpositive x x XD

James Wilson - 3 years, 5 months ago

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Sadly, there are only too many problems (on this site and elsewhere) where this sort of "definition" takes place.

Mark Hennings - 3 years, 5 months ago

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@Mark Hennings Leave it to Mark Hennings to solve them. ;) Nice work

James Wilson - 3 years, 5 months ago

@Mark Hennings The fact that 0 and the negative integers give zero for the original summation is actually just by convention anyway. Perhaps @Mrigank Shekhar Pathak should state that the original function is only defined for x N x\in \mathbb{N} , and that it needs to be continued to all reals in some way.

James Wilson - 3 years, 5 months ago

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