Ram pours some concentrated sugar solution in a thistle funnel, and covers the mouth with parchment paper. He places the thistle funnel upside-down in a beaker containing distilled water, and marks the initial height of the liquid in the funnel.
After 3 hours, what happens to the height of the liquid in the funnel compared to its initial height?
Note : Parchment paper is selectively permeable , meaning that water can pass through, but sugar cannot.
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What you say about hydro-static pressure is true and it does exist. But the main and the central part of the question is selectively permeable parchment paper . It due to this the sugar molecules are blocked from entering into the water (due to hydro-static pressure). The structure of a permeable membrane is such that it will only allow the movement of molecules which are smaller in size than the inter-molecular spaces between them (like water) but will not allow the movement of molecules which are larger in size than the inter-molecular spaces between them.
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The problem is ambiguous. It may not be able to go down due to selective permeability, but it could be the case that is stays the same because the diagram is showing a solution starting height above water bath. Change the diagram to show the same initial heights and this clears up the issue that many people are rightfully having.
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Only staff can change the question and can do nothing for it .
True, it's not stated if we can ignore it. What if the funnel width isn't narrow enough to ignore?
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Actually, the funnel width is irrelevant in this case.
One has to second-guess the questioner. My assumption was that being unstated, the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures were balanced. So I was wrong ..
The solution inside the funnel ( concentrated sugar solution ) is more concentrated than the solution present outside the funnel ( distilled water ) and they both are separated by a cellophane paper ( selectively permeable ). These are the vital conditions for osmosis to take place . As a result, water from the beaker enters inside the funnel and the level of sugar solution in the funnel increase. Also, the solution in the funnel gets diluted (tastes less sweet).
∴ After some time the level of sugar solution in the funnel increases .
Is the hydrostatic pressure differential that exists as shown in the figure irrelevant? How high does the solution have to be before osmosis is halted?
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I was going to bring up the same issue ... as the initial surface level difference is not given, we can' tell which force is greater, osmotic pressure or gravity.
Osmosis takes place until the concentration inside and outside the parchment paper is same.
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That is unless a certain pressure (see osmotic pressure) is applied to the solution.
what if the sugar comes out into distilled water or do you mean that cellophane paper doesnot allow sugar to get out,what about hydrostatic pressure?
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What you say about hydro-static pressure is true and it does exist. But the main and the central part of the question is selectively permeable parchment paper . It due to this the sugar molecules are blocked from entering into the water (due to hydro-static pressure). The structure of a permeable membrane is such that it will only allow the movement of molecules which are smaller in size than the inter-molecular spaces between them (like water) but will not allow the movement of molecules which are larger in size than the inter-molecular spaces between them.
Ram -- In your problem you state parchment paper, and in your problem solution you state cellophane paper. Are those actually the same thing? My research indicates not.
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Yes they are both the same. When I posted the problem I mentioned it as "cellophane paper" and kept my solution accordingly. But afterwards the staff changed it. However, I will change it in my solution too. Thank You.
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Wow. I thought that the two are way different. Brilliant STAFF -- is that not the case ? Are cellophane 'paper' and parchment paper the same ?
Sugar-water solution is more denser than distilled water. Then how it is possible for the molecules of distilled water to lift molecules of sugar water solution?
This is a confusing explanation. What you are suggesting is that the phenomenon of osmosis results in a naturally-occuring pressure differential (relatively negative- meaning it creates a force that draws the distilled H2O into the funnel) between the two liquids, and that pressure differential is greater than the hydrostatic pressure created by the unequal levels and different densities of fluid (which is trying to force the solution in the funnel down into the distilled H2O). If such a force accompanies the osmosis process in this scenario, it must be substantial. I have my doubts, and believe the liquid levels will be essentially equal after 3 hours.
This phenomenon arises due to pressure difference. For fluids like water, on the surface of it pressure is exerted by air which tries to compress it. As a result surface tension is produced. Now when tube is inserted low surface tension occurs in the tube. In order to maintain the equilibrium, level of the fluid increase.
I think it is something else.
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It is. Just read the link I gave above.
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The reason for difference in water level for capillarity is the difference between intermolecular force (difference between water-glass and water-water molecules). In this problem, the reason for difference in water level is concentration difference of sugar between water with sugar and pure water.
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@Tolga Gürol – Oh, sorry. I by mistake git that term Capillarity. Its due to pressure difference. Thanks for pointing out!
Although there might be some capillary action here, the problem mainly wants to express the action of osmosis. The diameter of the funnel is never given so you don't know if the capillary action is negligible or not.
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Although, I had quoted earlier that it was Capillarity, I take my words back. When I checked on net, it showed diameter of this tunnel as 40mm. Maybe its standard.
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I don't really understand the argument for a pressure difference here because both liquid chambers are exposed to normal atmospheric pressure (this is an assumption as it is not clearly stated). I still think the main action is osmotic pressure
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@Melissa Flaquer – Pressure is inversely proportional to area.
Idea :Under "normal" conditions, molecules move from higher to lower concentration .
Case : sugar is not allowed to move (given in the condition). Water is at lower concentration in sugar solution. Hence water from beaker moves into the funnel, rising the level of solution inside the funnel.
I’m a bit confused. If the beaker has higher concentration, then wouldn’t the water leave the beaker into the lower concentrated surrounding water?
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I think @Harish Sasikumar meant the concentration of water, not the concentration of sugar.
Thinking purely of the osmosis portion of this question, I have three ways to think about the movement:
1) the water (because it can permeate the parchment paper) acts as a single “blob” that will attempt to become homogenous. Imagine if you poured the sugar water into distilled water - it would eventually become homogenous throughout. The water as a “blob” can move both direction across paper, but the sugar cannot move. Therefore - the solution that is only water molecules will rush in to the solution that contains water and sugar molecules to dilute the sugar mix and homogenize the entire water “blob”.
2) more dilute moves to less dilute (so that end product is more equal, less extreme)
3) more concentrated molescules (only water) moves to less concentrated molecules (water with sugar molecules spacing)
Due to diffusion / osmosis of solvent from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution, in this case sugar solution , the level of the solution will ultimately rise
Maybe, in three houers a steady state is reached...
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It depends on the starting level. If it's hight enough the pressure generated by solution will be greater than the osmotic pressure and the level will go down. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_pressure