TAN.

Calculus Level 5

Let x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x_1,\, x_2,\, x_3,\,\cdots denote all the positive solutions of the equation tan x = x \tan{x}=x .

If S = n = 1 ( 1 x n ) 2 \displaystyle S=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(\dfrac{1}{x_n}\right)^2 , find 1 S \dfrac{1}{S} .


The answer is 10.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Feb 16, 2019

Since x n ( n 1 2 ) π x_n \sim (n-\tfrac12)\pi as n n\to\infty , it is clear that n = 1 x n 2 \sum_{n=1}^\infty x_n^{-2} converges. Now, since f ( z ) = sin z z cos z f(z)=\frac{\sin z}{z}-\cos z is an even entire function of order 1 1 with a double zero at 0 0 , the Hadamard factorisation theorem tells us that f ( z ) = A z 2 n = 1 ( 1 z 2 x n 2 ) f(z)=Az^2\prod_{n=1}^\infty\left(1-\frac{z^2}{x_n^2}\right) But f ( z ) = 1 3 z 2 1 30 z 4 + O ( z 6 ) f(z)=\tfrac13z^2-\tfrac{1}{30}z^4+\mathrm{O}(z^6) So it follows that. A = 1 3 A=\tfrac13 and S 1 = 10 S^{-1}=\boxed{10} .

I think you should correct your solution. Because S = 1 10 S=\dfrac{1}{10} not 10 10

Digvijay Singh - 2 years, 3 months ago

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Minor typo corrected.

Mark Hennings - 2 years, 3 months ago

Can you please tell me how you calculated n = 1 cos 2 x n \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\cos^2{x_n} in the other question?

Digvijay Singh - 2 years, 3 months ago

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That was just simple manipulations...........Convert cosine squared into reciprocal of secant squared and then write it as 1 + tangent squared which is equal to 1 + (x n)^2.......(because, tan(x n) = x_n)......I think you can proceed from there.........

Aaghaz Mahajan - 2 years, 3 months ago

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I know that. The question was intially stated like that but i changed it. I don't know how to proceed after this.

Digvijay Singh - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Digvijay Singh Here, I think this can help..........This is how I solved it......

Aaghaz Mahajan - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Aaghaz Mahajan Thanks. Mark Hennings has posted his solution though.

Digvijay Singh - 2 years, 3 months ago

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@Digvijay Singh Yeah.....I saw it just now.....

Aaghaz Mahajan - 2 years, 3 months ago

I have just posted my solution using contour integration...

Mark Hennings - 2 years, 3 months ago

Ah, good rendition of Euler's idea to Basel problem! (+1 Helpful)

Sangchul Lee - 2 years, 2 months ago

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