Tessellating with Triangles

Geometry Level 1

An infinite plane can be tiled with identical equilateral or isosceles triangles with no overlaps and no gaps.

Is it possible to tile an infinite plane with identical scalene triangles (identical triangles with distinct side lengths)?

Note: Once you find a way to put the tiles together to cover a small area—as in the two examples shown—you can assume that the same method can cover an infinite plane.

Yes, always Sometimes, but not always No, never

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14 solutions

Nick Turtle
Jun 9, 2018

Consider a scalene right triangle (e.g. a 3-4-5). Two of them can be used to make a rectangle, which can then be used to tile an infinite plane.

In general, you can always put two triangles together as a parallelogram, which can then be used to tile an infinite plane. The reason is because adjacent angles in a parallelogram always add up to a straight line (180 degrees).


A lot of people are asking how shapes can tile an infinite plane. Here is my take: suppose that I give you a large plane. You tile the shapes to fill that large plane without leaving any gaps. Now, I scale the large plane to a bigger size. You still are able to fill that large plane by tiling the same shapes. If this is possible for a plane with any size, then that shape can tile an infinite plane.

Moderator note:

An example of parallelograms tiling the plane is shown below.

Remember this is an infinite plane, so this pattern just needs to be able to be continued indefinitely in every direction with no gaps to be able to tile the infinite plane.

Thought the exact same thing! +1

Agustin Fisher - 2 years, 11 months ago

the same is true with the two triangles forming a deltoid. (of course with the relaxation of allowing mirroring)

georg salentinig - 2 years, 11 months ago

You consider the cases where the answer is bound to be YES but there are combinations which always doesn't create a 100% packing between the triangles; SO the answer will be the SOMETIMES BUT NOT ALWAYS

Ariijit Dey - 2 years, 11 months ago

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Give a counterexample when it's not possible in your opinion. In which case is it not possible to create a parallelogram from two triangles?

A Former Brilliant Member - 2 years, 11 months ago

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they're both infinte except 00 is unlimited and if you can prove 00 post it

Chris Seymour - 2 years, 11 months ago

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@Chris Seymour What is 00?

A Former Brilliant Member - 2 years, 11 months ago

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@A Former Brilliant Member I think it's infinity

Samuel Godswill - 2 years, 11 months ago

No parallelograms but the triangles can be arranged in a random manner so the spacing between them is not regular; at least not regular enough to fit another identical triangle

Ariijit Dey - 2 years, 11 months ago

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@Ariijit Dey This is the wrong kind of example. This shows it's always possible to make an arrangement that does not work.

For any triangle it is possible to make a tiling that works (actually infinitely many), so the answer is YES, not SOMETIMES.

A Former Brilliant Member - 2 years, 11 months ago

xactly and you can never prove it if you try to work out 00 itll kill you so it's no

Chris Seymour - 2 years, 11 months ago

Exactly , I am thinking the same !

Pranshul Goyal - 2 years, 11 months ago

Simply rotate the scalene triangle to construct a parallelogram. And, repeat this parallelogram.

Shubham Jain - 2 years, 11 months ago

answer given is wrong it should be yes always fool ya fool

Anshul Agrawal - 2 years, 11 months ago

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sif because 00 will kill you if you know it no matter how you use em tangrams wont work

Chris Seymour - 2 years, 11 months ago

Shout out to Killer Bee.. Bakayarō! Konoyarō!!

Jayy Blackwell - 2 years, 11 months ago

you can't put anything together to scale an infinite plane

Chris Seymour - 2 years, 11 months ago

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True. Being infinite means you can only ever approach it and it can’t be defined as by dimensions. It’s purely semantics beyond that.

Bob Stevens - 2 years, 11 months ago

How can you tile something that doesn't end, it will never be tiled

Tim Rickards - 2 years, 11 months ago

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I used the same logic rather than just looking at a surface as rectangular as shape can not be defined either.

Bob Stevens - 2 years, 11 months ago

Just like any other geometrical object that is defined in an infinite way (like a line) we're not concerned with "is it possible to draw it physically", just if it is mathematically possible. We can say integers go to infinity without counting them, we just know the process of adding one is consistently possible.

Jason Dyer Staff - 2 years, 11 months ago

I don't understand how parallelograms can fill an infinite plane...

Sarc Ness - 2 years, 11 months ago

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So, imagine a tiled floor, but instead of squares, picture parellelograms. Now, stretch your floor out to infinity, and keep repeating the tiles to infinity. Can you see that there's no gaps no matter where you are on the floor.

Samuel Godswill - 2 years, 11 months ago

A lot of people are asking how shapes can tile an infinite plane. I edited my solution so that it (hopefully) answers that question. However, technically speaking, the concept of infinite is really difficult to define, and a formal approach requires limits.

Nick Turtle - 2 years, 11 months ago

Is there a term for shapes like this? I’ve a vague memory of there being a name for shapes that can fill a plane without gaps like that.

Sophie Hayes - 2 years, 11 months ago

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When you can make a tessellation (the actual pattern formed on the plane) by repeating one congruent shape, It's called a monohedral tiling.

Jason Dyer Staff - 2 years, 11 months ago

Yes , I have got the point of parallelograms. But , it doesn't proves that it holds ALWAYS ! What we need is a prove for any type of scalene triangles . And , if we don't have prove then we can't conclude that it will hold good. For example : You and the one who have asked the question explains that we can put triangles always in form of parallelograms. Now suppose that I have taken all deferent parallelograms (formed from triangles) but I have taken a parallelogram and taken out the one of his two triangles (imagine it as you have done the whole thing's from a plane formed according to your concept) . Then we can see there will be a gap.

Now , what I simply think is , whether the answer of this question should be "Sometimes but not always" or "we can't comment on the situation".

Please , reply for my concern.

Pranshul Goyal - 2 years, 11 months ago

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Well, I can give a quick proof. First of all, we can always form a parallelogram from two identical scalene triangles (you can show this by looking at the angles and concluding that the sides will be parallel). Now, the tiles will work if any four identical parallelograms that fit together leaves no gap (the pattern is periodic, so it works for the whole infinite plane). Now, we can show that the four angles that meet together in this vertex are twice the angles of the original triangle, i.e. 360 degrees. Thus, any scalene triangle (or any triangle, for that matter) can tile an infinite plane.

Let me know if this helps.

Nick Turtle - 2 years, 11 months ago

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Yes , Obviously . But , as you said "we can always form a parallelogram from (two) identical scalene triangles". Now , what if I will took out one of them (those two) or I have not given , then there will be the gap ! Isn't it ? Which is not the case with Equilateral and Isosceles triangles because then i will have similar triangles.

Please Reply !

Pranshul Goyal - 2 years, 11 months ago

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@Pranshul Goyal The question asks,if you had infinite identical scalene triangles, would they cover an infinite plane. So if you took out one triangle, I could replace it with another one. We have infinite triangles.

Samuel Godswill - 2 years, 11 months ago

The question asks is it possible to tile an infinite plane; it does not state that the infinite plane is formed of an infinite number of tiles (already; and as a natural state of its existence)... ergo: unless you happen to be God and have eternity readily at hand, or you exist outside of spacetime altogether, then you will die long before you get to the nearest planetary distance. It is, however, possible to "conceive" the of idea of tiling an infinite plane in the manner described... it is just not possible to actually achieve it! So the given-answer is wrong!

John Kelly - 2 years, 11 months ago

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This is maths, the world of Banach Tarski and blob infinities (Mathologer reference). It isn't asking you if you could do it in the real world. It's asking you if you could do it. It's like theoretical computer science. If maths was only about the real world, no infinite sums, no mind boggling paradoxes etc.

Samuel Godswill - 2 years, 11 months ago
Raymond Chan
Jun 10, 2018

We can use two of the triangles to form a parallelogram (just simply stick the same side together), and parallelogram can be used to tile an infinite plane

I liked the simplicity of your solution. I am not able to save the questions to see them later. Can anyone please help me??

Saurabh Singh Chauhan - 2 years, 11 months ago

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Press the three dots near the edge of the problem, then press save, and then "save to later"

Ethan Song - 2 years, 11 months ago

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Thank you. I got that. But I have no option to save to later in questions of the week.

Saurabh Singh Chauhan - 2 years, 11 months ago
Marek Białkowski
Jun 18, 2018

Construct a triangle where all three given points are midpoints of its sides.

One cannot tile an infinite plane because there will always be something beyond that which has been tiled!

Norm Dulleck - 2 years, 11 months ago

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Lol we are assuming we have infinite tiles and we are immortal and spent our lives tiling

CHIN KEE HAW - 2 years, 11 months ago

Scaling an infinite space refers to the technical capabilities limited by space, not by time, we are assuming infinite time

Brandur Arnoarson - 2 years, 11 months ago

Can you explain what you mean here by "given points"?

Agnishom Chattopadhyay - 2 years, 11 months ago

what would happen if the scalene triangle had a 179 degree angle and two one degree angles it would still bee a triangle in theory but i don't think it would always be an infinite number of them because its sides would be definitively long

Mathew den hollander - 2 years, 11 months ago
Frank Lulei
Jun 21, 2018

Consider the tiling of a floor with identical equilateral triangles. Photographed perpendicular from above you see, well, identical equilateral triangles. Varying the angle of the camera you see the same floor, now with a perspectival distortion. By varying the angle you are able to create a tiling with identical scalene triangles of any kind.

The three points of the triangle is not on the same plane, that is why we say space is curved. If you keep all the triangle in a plane it will form a sphere.

Jayaprakash urikoth - 2 years, 11 months ago
Manan Garg
Jun 20, 2018

The plane is infinite. It's ever expanding. So you can't have any shortage of space while putting any tiles and also there are no boundaries to the plane. So no matter what figure of finite dimensions you have, you can place copies of the figures in an infinite plane.

Sorry but I don't see this. Some shapes cannot tile a space without creating gaps An extreme example would be a circle. If they cannot tile any area then making area infinite shouldn't change this. Concept of infinite area introduces confusion into all this.

Roland Kensdale - 2 years, 11 months ago
Vlad Bolovaneanu
Jun 24, 2018

My take on this may seem too easy, but I nevertheless find nothing wrong with it. Consider any scalene triangle. By joining two such triangles using a common side you end up with an isosceles triangle. Using the fact that any infinite plane can be filled with isosceles triangles, which the author himself states, our isosceles triangle is enough to do the trick.

Rohan Patwardhan
Jun 22, 2018

If you take 2 really got scalene triangles you end up with a rectangle and considering every one of a rectangles angles are equal, you could tile them into an infinite plane.

I am aware I am explaining the basic properties of rectangles, I just like to explain everything thoroughly.

It's true because two triangles will always form a parallelogram thus you can join them as an infinite plane.

You cannot cover an infinite plane. You really cannot even cover a portion of an infinite plane because that would impose a dimension on infinity, which, by definition, cannot be fully defined or confined.

michael bloyer - 2 years, 11 months ago
Mark Adel
Jun 20, 2018

Sticking two triangles together will make a quadrilateral. Any quadrilateral can tile up an infinite plane.

Mike Forgette
Jun 19, 2018

You can also always form a kite with two congruent scalene triangles, and kites can be used to tile an infinite plane.

Matteo Tosi
Jun 24, 2018

Yes, always.

Because when you concatenate 2 scalene triangles on their hypotenuse you'll either end with one isoscele triangle or equilateral triangle.

The property therefore also applies to scalene triangles.

Existence 2.0
Jun 23, 2018

I just found this site and this is really amazing I think i should leave school

Robert Smith
Jun 23, 2018

you can always make parallelograms with two identical triangles. parallelograms will always tile since the opposite sides of a parallelogram are always parallel.

Duncan Kreutter
Jun 22, 2018

The way I thought of this was as follows: you can definitively prove that a figure can tile an infinite plane if that you can arrange the figure into a larger copy of itself. This can be accomplished with 4 copies of the scalene triangle by aligning the bottom edges of two triangles to form a single segment, then connecting the two top vertices with a third identical triangle, creating a 4th copy of the original shape, rotated 180 degrees, in the center. This creates a triangle similar to the one you started with, with twice the side lengths. Since it is identical in shape, this process can be repeated infinite times, covering an infinite plane.

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