The x x sits on top!

Algebra Level 3

12 5 x + 4 5 x = 2 × 2 7 x \displaystyle \large 125^{x}+45^{x} = 2 \times 27^{x}

Find the number of real values of x x that satisfy the above equation.


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The answer is 1.

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2 solutions

Rohith M.Athreya
Feb 7, 2017

Relevant wiki: Factorization of Polynomials

The equation can be rewritten as 5 3 x 3 3 x + 3 2 x ( 5 x 3 x ) = 0 5^{3x}-3^{3x}+3^{2x}(5^{x}-3^{x})=0

( 5 x 3 x ) ( 5 2 x + 2. 3 2 x + 1 5 x ) = 0 (5^{x}-3^{x})(5^{2x}+2.3^{2x}+15^{x})=0

Clearly,only x = 0 x=0 satisfies the given condition

Nice solution. I divided through by 3 3 x \large 3^{3x} to get the equation

( 5 3 ) 3 x + ( 5 3 ) x 2 = 0 \left(\dfrac{5}{3}\right)^{3x} + \left(\dfrac{5}{3}\right)^{x} - 2 = 0 ,

which is the form y 3 + y 2 = ( y 1 ) ( y 2 + y + 2 ) = 0 y^{3} + y - 2 = (y - 1)(y^{2} + y + 2) = 0 ,

where y = ( 5 3 ) x > 0 y = \left(\dfrac{5}{3}\right)^{x} \gt 0 , so y = 1 x = 0 y = 1 \Longrightarrow x = 0 is the only soution.

Brian Charlesworth - 4 years, 4 months ago

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Did the same way ! :p

Sumanth R Hegde - 4 years, 4 months ago

i think essentially we have done the same thing,right?

Rohith M.Athreya - 4 years, 4 months ago

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Pretty much. I just thought my slightly different presentation was worth a quick mention.

Brian Charlesworth - 4 years, 4 months ago

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@Brian Charlesworth yes,definitely it is!

and i feel your solution is somewhat more complete than mine as i simply state that 0 is the only solution leaving the reasoning to the reader whereas u completely reason it out

Rohith M.Athreya - 4 years, 4 months ago

Okay, x=0 satisfies but the answer is 1.-.

Daniel Sugihantoro - 4 years, 4 months ago

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yes it is,indeed

Rohith M.Athreya - 4 years, 4 months ago
Sarthak Agrawal
Mar 22, 2018

Or intutively, on dividing by 27^x both sides, we get a increasing function on LHS and a constant function on RHS, this now goes by intution and logic that the equatiom can have atmost 1 real root. (x=0)

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