According to the exponent tower rule , x ( x x ) = ( x x ) x is generally not true. However, this equality holds for some x > 0 .
What is the sum of all such x 's?
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Plotting y x = x y and y = x x produces only two solutions which can be quickly verified -- namely x = 1 and x = 2.
Hence the solution is 3.
I know non-graphical solutions tend to be more popular, but this is arguably a much easier way to solve it, so I prefer it.
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Though I would like to know why you plotted x = y
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Never mind. I hadn't grasped that some equations plot more than 1 line.
x ( x x ) = ( x x ) x ⟹ x x x = x x 2 lo g x x x x = lo g x x x 2 { lo g x x x x = lo g x x x 2 save for later x = 0 , 1 x = 0 , 1 ⟹ x x = x 2 ⋮ ⟹ x = 2
Now, take the two cases we excluded from the solution earlier and plug in 1 for x : 1 1 1 = 1 1 2 1 = 1
0 0 is undefined, so there's no point in checking. This gives the solution 1 + 2 = 3 β ⌈ ∣ ⌉
How do you know that the only 2 solutions to the last equation are x = 1 , 2 ?
It would be better to take logs again, which makes this deduction obvious.
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I'm trying to think of a way to rigorously derive 1 as a solution. However, if we use logarithms, lo g x x ; x = 1 is undefined.
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That's great that you caught that! Most would have ignored it when using
lo
g
x
.
So, just deal with that case separately :)
Alternatively, take a constant base like x lo g 1 0 x = 2 lo g 1 0 x .
Note: Actually when going from the second line to the third line, you already needed x = 1 to be a separate case.
Note: Be very careful with the implication signs. For example, it is not true that x x x = x x 2 ⟹ x = 1 . The better way to write this up is to say "If x = 1 , then apply lo g x ( ⋅ ) .... " (Note that x = 0 has been disallowed by the question).
I don't think the third line follows from the second line right? Or at least, you wanted the third line to be lo g x x ( x x ) = lo g x x ( x 2 ) .
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Ah, yes; thank you for pointing out the typo.
I rephrased the explanation after the first section to indicate that 1 is a special case that was saved for later. I also used the double arrow (which is "if and only if") to indicate that the equation is true when x isn't 1 or 0. I figured that would have the same meaning as your suggestion, just without any words.
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That's incorrect usage of implication arrows. What you want to say is
x x x = x x 2 ⇒ { lo g x x x x = lo g x x x 2 figure this out x = 0 , 1 x = 0 , 1
You could use the "union" symbol, though at that point things are just too messy and words are better.
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@Calvin Lin – I believe it is done. Sorry for the confusion.
x x x x x x = ( x x ) x = x x 2 = x 2 = 1 , 2
Therefore, the sum of all x 's is 3 .
Most simplest solution...
While it is certainly easy to identify that x = 1 , 2 are the solutions to x x = x 2 , but is there a conclusive way to prove that there are no other solutions (besides 1 and 2)?
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Blan's solution seems like a conclusive proof.
x^(x-2)=1 Then either x-2=0 or x=1
Best solution.I wanted to post but don't know how to write x^x like that :(
By the Desmos Theorem, the answer is 3.
If we observe then 1 holds.now if we do x^x^x=(x^x)^×then we get x^x^x=x^x^2.by comparing we get x=2.any thing greater than 2 will no hold.so sum of such x=1+2=3
Using common logic the condition can be satisfied only for the first two prime numbers and this can be easily be proved with logarithms When the equation is solved for x in the power the X =2 and then checking with x=1 also satisfies the condition... So 1+2= 3
Note that x does have to be an integer, it can be any real number. How do you know there is no non-integer solution?
I don't see why x = -1 is not also a solution? So, why is it not 3 + 1 + (-1) = 2?
Oh, duh, it specifies "x > 0". Sigh.
+1, -1 and 2 satisfy the criterion, therefore, 3=2+1 is the answer.
Answer=3
But how do you know that there's no other solution?
Since x>0 the only two possibilities are 1 and 2, hence their sum is 3 Apart from using logarithms and other solutions mentioned here, try plotting their graph and see the points of intersection for +be x........ just for fun:)
I don't understand. 10 fits the criteria why not add it to 3
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How does 10 fit the criteria? ( 1 0 1 0 ) 1 0 = 1 0 1 0 0 which has just 101 digits, whereas 1 0 ( 1 0 1 0 ) has 10 billion digits!
At first we shall take 1 as the possible value of x
So x=1
x^x^x=1^1^1=1;. x^x
x=1^1
1=1;
If x=2;
x^x^x=2^2^2=2^4. 16.
x^x
x=2^2
2=2^4=16
And if x=3
Then 3^3^3 is not equal to 3^3*3 hence
There is only 2 possible values of x that is 1 and 2 therefore there sum is 1+2 =3
Hmmm, it seems that you have only tested for x = 1 , 2 , 3 . Maybe there could exists a non-integer x that also satisfies this equation?
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You can use logarithms.
x ( x x ) = ( x x ) x x x lo g x = x lo g ( x x ) x x lo g x = x 2 lo g x .
If x = 1 , lo g x ∣ x = 1 = 0 . Supposing that x = 1 , where x = 1 is one of the possible solutions, we have that
x x = x 2 ⇒ x lo g x = 2 lo g x ⇒ x = 2 .
Adding the solutions, we have that the answer of this question is S = 1 + 2 = 3 .