Think outside the discrete

Algebra Level 4

Let S n S_n denote the sum of first n n terms of the arithmetic sequence { a n } \{a_n\} , if S 6 > S 7 > S 5 S_6>S_7>S_5 , what is the value of integer n n that satisfies S n S n + 1 < 0 S_{n}S_{n+1}<0 ?

12 13 10 11

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Aug 19, 2019

If the AP has starting term a a and common difference d d , then S n = 1 2 n [ 2 a + ( n 1 ) d ] S_n = \tfrac12n\big[2a + (n-1)d\big] . Since S 6 > S 7 S_6 > S_7 , we deduce that a + 6 d < 0 a + 6d < 0 . Since S 7 > S 5 S_7 > S_5 , we deduce that 2 a + 11 d > 0 2a + 11d > 0 . Hence it follows that d < 0 d < 0 and 11 2 d < a < 6 d \tfrac{11}{2}|d| < a < 6|d| . But then S 12 = 6 ( 2 a 11 d ) > 0 > 13 2 ( 2 a 12 d ) = S 13 S_{12} \; = \; 6(2a - 11|d|) > 0 > \tfrac{13}{2}(2a-12|d|) = S_{13} so that S 12 S 13 < 0 S_{12}S_{13} < 0 , making the answer 12 \boxed{12} .

I think you mean 11 2 d < a < 6 d \frac {11}{2} |d| < a < \color{#D61F06} 6 \color{#333333} |d| . And making the prefactor in the final inequality 13 2 \frac {13}{2} would make it easier to see the connection to S 13 S_{13} .

Matthew Feig - 1 year, 9 months ago

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Thanks for spotting the typos...

Mark Hennings - 1 year, 9 months ago

How does S6 < S7 allow us to deduce a + 6d < 0?

Subhabrata Mukherjee - 1 year, 7 months ago

why do you have the absolute value of d in some of your equations?

Razzi Masroor - 1 year, 4 months ago

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Since d d is negative while a a is positive...

Mark Hennings - 1 year, 4 months ago

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then why did you use -|d| instead of d?

Razzi Masroor - 1 year, 4 months ago

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@Razzi Masroor For clarity...

Mark Hennings - 1 year, 4 months ago

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