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Algebra Level 4

f ( x ) = i = 1 50 ( x + 2 i 1 ) ( x + 2 i ) f(x) = \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{50}(x+2i-1)(x+2i)

Let f ( x ) f(x) be defined as the function above. Denote S S as the sum of the roots of f ( x ) f(x) and P P as the product of its roots. Find S + P \lfloor S+P \rfloor .

This is an original problem.


The answer is 3282.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
May 12, 2015

f ( x ) = i = 1 50 ( x + 2 i 1 ) ( x + 2 i ) = i = 1 50 ( x 2 + ( 4 i 1 ) x + ( 4 i 2 2 i ) ) = ( i = 1 50 1 ) x 2 + ( 4 i = 1 50 i i = 1 50 1 ) x + 4 i = 1 50 i 2 2 i = 1 50 i = 50 x 2 + ( 4 [ ( 50 ) ( 51 ) 2 ] 50 ) x + 4 ( ( 50 ) ( 51 ) ( 101 ) 6 ) 2 ( ( 50 ) ( 51 ) 2 ) = 50 x 2 + 5050 x + 169150 \begin{aligned} f(x) & = \sum_{i=1}^{50} {(x+2i-1)(x+2i)} \\ & = \sum_{i=1}^{50} {\left(x^2 +(4i-1)x+(4i^2-2i) \right)} \\ & = \left( \sum_{i=1}^{50} {1}\right) x^2 + \left(4 \sum_{i=1}^{50} {i} - \sum_{i=1}^{50} {1} \right)x + 4 \sum_{i=1}^{50} {i^2} - 2\sum_{i=1}^{50} {i} \\ & = 50x^2 + \left(4 \left[ \frac{(50)(51)}{2}\right]- 50 \right)x + 4 \left(\frac{(50)(51)(101)}{6}\right) - 2\left(\frac{(50)(51)}{2} \right) \\ & = 50x^2 + 5050x + 169150 \end{aligned}

Using Vieta's formulas, we note that:

S = 5050 50 = 101 S= - \dfrac{5050}{50} = - 101 \space and P = 169150 50 = 3383 \space P = \dfrac{169150}{50} = 3383

S + P = 101 + 3383 = 3282 \Rightarrow \lfloor S+P \rfloor = \lfloor -101+3383 \rfloor = \boxed{3282}

Moderator note:

That's a very systematic and organized explanation. Wonderful work!

Same method. :)

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years, 1 month ago

That's 2 i = 1 50 i 2\sum_{i=1}^{50} i not 2 i = 1 50 1 2\sum_{i=1}^{50}1 in the third line. Otherwise - great post.

Terry Smith - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Thanks for reading through and like the solution.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 6 years, 1 month ago

Your solution looks very organised but I am new to this and cant even understand what you are doing after third line. Anyway nice solution.

Syed Baqir - 6 years, 1 month ago
Kunal Joshi
May 12, 2015

If we expand the summation , we get, f ( x ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) + ( x + 3 ) ( x + 4 ) + ( x + 5 ) ( x + 6 ) + + ( x + 99 ) ( x + 100 ) f (x) = (x+1)(x+2) + (x+3)(x+4) + (x+5)(x+6) + \cdots \cdots + (x+99)(x+100) Little bit of simplifying and we get, f ( x ) = 50 x 2 + x ( 1 + 2 + 3 + + 99 + 100 ) + ( 1 × 2 + 3 × 4 + 5 × 6 + + 99 × 100 ) f (x) = 50x^2 + x ( 1+2+3+ \cdots \cdots + 99+100 ) + ( 1\times 2 + 3\times 4 + 5\times 6 + \cdots \cdots + 99\times 100 ) So, sum of the roots is negative of coefficient of x x divided by coefficient of x 2 x^2 , S = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + + 99 + 100 50 S = - \dfrac{1+ 2+3+4+ \cdots \cdots +99+100 }{50} = n = 1 100 n 50 = - \dfrac{\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{100} n }{50} = 101 = -101 And product is equal to coefficient of term independent of x x divided by coefficient of x 2 x^2 , P = 1 × 2 + 3 × 4 + + 99 × 100 50 P = \dfrac{1\times 2 + 3\times 4 + \cdots \cdots + 99\times 100 }{50} = n = 1 50 ( 2 n 1 ) ( 2 n ) 50 = \dfrac{ \displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{50} (2n-1)(2n)}{50} = n = 1 50 4 n 2 2 n 50 = \dfrac{ \displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{50} 4n^2 - 2n}{50} = 4 n = 1 50 n 2 2 n = 1 50 n 50 = \dfrac{ 4 \displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{50} n^2 - 2\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{50} n }{50} = 4 ( 50 ) ( 51 ) ( 101 ) 6 2 ( 50 ) ( 51 ) 2 50 = \dfrac{ \dfrac{ 4 (50)(51)(101)}{6} - \dfrac{ 2(50)(51)}{2} }{50} = 3383 = 3383 Now , S = 101 S = -101 and P = 3383 P= 3383 . Addind them and taking its floor , S + P = ( 101 ) + 3383 = 3282 \lfloor S+P \rfloor =\lfloor (-101) + 3383 \rfloor = \boxed{3282}

Moderator note:

It would be better to clarify how you simplified the calculations for S S and P P . Bonus question: What would the answer be if the summation is changed to: i = 1 50 ( x + 2 i 2 ) ( x + 2 i 1 ) ( x + 2 i ) \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{50}(x+2i-2)(x+2i-1)(x+2i) ?

I see this isn't just an original problem, it's a certified Original problem. Nice.

Jake Lai - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Thanks a lot Jake :).

Venkata Karthik Bandaru - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Nice problem. Are you safe in Chennai Flood?

Dev Sharma - 5 years, 6 months ago

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@Dev Sharma Hey, I am in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh ! So definitely safe XD.

Venkata Karthik Bandaru - 5 years, 6 months ago

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@Venkata Karthik Bandaru Oh. I am SORRY. I thought you live in Tamil Nadu.

Dev Sharma - 5 years, 6 months ago

In Response to the Challenge Master Bonus Question

Let the given function be f ( x ) = i = 1 50 ( x + 2 i 2 ) ( x + 2 i 1 ) ( x + 2 i ) f(x) = \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{50}(x+2i-2)(x+2i-1)(x+2i) . Then, we need to find S + P \lfloor S+P \rfloor , where S S denotes sum of roots and P P denotes product of roots of f ( x ) f(x) .

Solution :-

Expanding the summation, f ( x ) = x ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) + ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 4 ) + + ( x + 98 ) ( x + 99 ) ( x + 100 ) f(x) = x(x+1)(x+2) + (x+2)(x+3)(x+4)+ \cdots \cdots +(x+98)(x+99)(x+100) .

We easily see that there are 50 50 groupings of cubic terms like [ x ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ] , [ ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 4 ) ] , . . . . . . , [ ( x + 98 ) ( x + 99 ) ( x + 100 ) ] {{ [x(x+1)(x+2)], [(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)], ...... , [(x+98)(x+99)(x+100)] }} , and so after summing up all these, we get the coefficient of x 3 x^3 as 50 50 .

For the coefficient of x 2 x^2 , we see that it is ( 0 + 1 + 2 ) + ( 2 + 3 + 4 ) + ( 4 + 5 + 6 ) + + ( 98 + 99 + 100 ) = i = 1 50 ( 6 n 3 ) = 7500 (0+1+2)+(2+3+4)+(4+5+6)+ \cdots \cdots + (98+99+100) = \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{50} (6n-3) = 7500 .

As we are only concerned with the sum of the roots and product of the roots of the cubic, it is not necessary to compute the coefficient of x x in f ( x ) f(x) .

For the constant term, we see that it is ( 0 × 1 × 2 ) + ( 2 × 3 × 4 ) + + ( 98 × 99 × 100 ) = i = 1 50 ( 2 i 2 ) ( 2 i 1 ) ( 2 i ) = i = 1 50 8 i 3 12 i 2 + 4 i = 8 ( 25 × 51 ) 2 ( 51 × 101 × 100 ) + ( 100 × 51 ) = 12495000 (0 \times 1 \times 2) + (2 \times 3 \times 4) + \cdots \cdots + (98 \times 99 \times 100) = \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{50} (2i-2)(2i-1)(2i) = \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{50} 8i^3-12i^2+4i= 8(25 \times 51)^2 - (51 \times 101 \times100) + (100 \times 51 ) = 12495000 .

Hence, we can now calculate S S and P P from the Vieta Formula :-

S = ( c o e f f . o f x 2 ) c o e f f . o f x 3 = 7500 50 = ( 150 ) S = \dfrac{-(coeff. of x^2)}{coeff. of x^3} = \dfrac{- 7500}{50} = (-150)

P = c o n s t a n t c o e f f . o f x 3 = 12495000 50 = ( 249900 ) P = \dfrac{-constant}{coeff. of x^3} = \dfrac{-12495000}{50} = (-249900) .

Hence, S + P = 250150 \lfloor S+P \rfloor = \boxed{-250150}

Venkata Karthik Bandaru - 6 years, 1 month ago

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You @ mentioned me somewhere. Did u delete your comment. Nice explanation btw.

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years ago

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Thanks you. I actually mentioned you so that you can proofread my solution, to make sure I didn't make the same mistake again :). Yes, I did delete that comment.

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