Tri-angular "Angular" Inequality!

Geometry Level 4

P = 2 sin A 2 + sin B + sin C P = 2\sin \dfrac A2 + \sin B + \sin C

Let A , B A,B and C C denote the angles of a triangle. Find the maximum value of P P .

Give your answer as 1 0 4 × P \lfloor 10^4 \times P \rfloor .


The answer is 28284.

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1 solution

Manuel Kahayon
Feb 23, 2016

Consider f ( x ) = sin x f(x) = \sin x , then f ( x ) = sin x f''(x) = -\sin x . Since A , B A,B and C C are angles of a triangle, then it follows that 0 < A , B , C < π 0 <A,B,C<\pi and also 0 < sin A 2 , sin B , sin C 1 0 < \sin \dfrac A2 , \sin B , \sin C \leq 1 , this tells us that 1 sin A 2 , sin B , sin C < 0 -1 \leq -\sin \dfrac A2 ,- \sin B , -\sin C < 0 , so f ( x ) f(x) is concave for all values A 2 , B , C \dfrac A2 , B, C .

Applying Jensen's inequality , we get

2 sin ( A / 2 ) 4 + sin B 4 + sin C 4 sin ( 2 ( A / 2 ) + B + C 4 ) = sin ( A + B + C 4 ) = sin ( π 4 ) = 2 2 \dfrac{2\sin (A/2)}4 + \dfrac{\sin B}4 + \dfrac {\sin C}4 \leq \sin \left ( \dfrac{2 (A/2) + B+C}4 \right) = \sin \left ( \dfrac{A+B+C}4 \right) = \sin \left(\dfrac\pi4 \right) = \dfrac{\sqrt2}2

Simplifying this gives

2 sin A 2 + sin B + sin C 2 2 . 2\sin \dfrac A2 + \sin B + \sin C \leq 2\sqrt2 .

Equality holds when A 2 = B = C = π 4 \dfrac A2 =B=C=\dfrac \pi4 .

So our answer is 1 0 4 2 2 = 28284 \lfloor 10^4 \cdot 2\sqrt2 \rfloor = \boxed{28284} .

I used method of Lagrange multipliers.. ;-)

Rishabh Jain - 5 years, 3 months ago

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Yeah. Same.

Pulkit Gupta - 5 years, 3 months ago

Sigh... I don't know that method... I keep hearing it all the time but I don't even know what it is... I tried researching it once, but I couldn't make it all out... It seems like it involves calculus, which I haven't learned yet... :(

Manuel Kahayon - 5 years, 3 months ago

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Let me then post an outline of such a solution for you. The solution does requires basic knowledge of differentiation.

Define a function f ( x ) = 2 sin A 2 + sin B + sin C \large f(x) =2\sin \dfrac A2 + \sin B + \sin C and another function g ( x ) = A + B + C π \large g(x) = A + B + C - \pi .

Creating a composite function of the two, we have h ( x ) = f ( x ) + σ g ( x ) \large h(x) = f(x) + \sigma g(x) , where σ \large \sigma is a constant.

We then differentiate the function h(x) w.r.t to A,B & C to obtain the relations,

cos A 2 + σ = 0 \large \cos \frac{A}{2} + \sigma = 0 , cos B + σ = 0 \large \cos B + \sigma=0 , cos C + σ = 0 \large \cos C + \sigma=0

Using basic algebra ( equating the value of σ \large\sigma in the three relations),we get

cos A 2 = cos B = cos C \large \cos \frac{A}{2} = \cos B = \cos C

Pulkit Gupta - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Pulkit Gupta Oh! So, I'm guessing that we should equate the derivatives to 0 and that g(x) must also be equal to zero, then, we obtain the equality cases?

Thanks for the outline, though :)

Manuel Kahayon - 5 years, 3 months ago

Ironically (?), you used calculus in your solution too.

Shourya Pandey - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Shourya Pandey Ahahaha <3 Only basic calculus, though...

Manuel Kahayon - 5 years, 3 months ago

There you go with a short trick:

apply C and D rule in last two terms of P. Take 2 common . The max value of acosA+bsinA is (a^2+b^2)^1/2. Now we get max val of P as 2*(1+(cos^2(B-C))^0.5. Now this can be max if B=C. Hence P max is 8^0.5

Aakash Khandelwal - 5 years, 3 months ago

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lol why is the font so big😂

Krishna Karthik - 1 year, 2 months ago

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