P = 2 sin 2 A + sin B + sin C
Let A , B and C denote the angles of a triangle. Find the maximum value of P .
Give your answer as ⌊ 1 0 4 × P ⌋ .
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I used method of Lagrange multipliers.. ;-)
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Yeah. Same.
Sigh... I don't know that method... I keep hearing it all the time but I don't even know what it is... I tried researching it once, but I couldn't make it all out... It seems like it involves calculus, which I haven't learned yet... :(
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Let me then post an outline of such a solution for you. The solution does requires basic knowledge of differentiation.
Define a function f ( x ) = 2 sin 2 A + sin B + sin C and another function g ( x ) = A + B + C − π .
Creating a composite function of the two, we have h ( x ) = f ( x ) + σ g ( x ) , where σ is a constant.
We then differentiate the function h(x) w.r.t to A,B & C to obtain the relations,
cos 2 A + σ = 0 , cos B + σ = 0 , cos C + σ = 0
Using basic algebra ( equating the value of σ in the three relations),we get
cos 2 A = cos B = cos C
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@Pulkit Gupta – Oh! So, I'm guessing that we should equate the derivatives to 0 and that g(x) must also be equal to zero, then, we obtain the equality cases?
Thanks for the outline, though :)
Ironically (?), you used calculus in your solution too.
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@Shourya Pandey – Ahahaha <3 Only basic calculus, though...
There you go with a short trick:
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Consider f ( x ) = sin x , then f ′ ′ ( x ) = − sin x . Since A , B and C are angles of a triangle, then it follows that 0 < A , B , C < π and also 0 < sin 2 A , sin B , sin C ≤ 1 , this tells us that − 1 ≤ − sin 2 A , − sin B , − sin C < 0 , so f ( x ) is concave for all values 2 A , B , C .
Applying Jensen's inequality , we get
4 2 sin ( A / 2 ) + 4 sin B + 4 sin C ≤ sin ( 4 2 ( A / 2 ) + B + C ) = sin ( 4 A + B + C ) = sin ( 4 π ) = 2 2
Simplifying this gives
2 sin 2 A + sin B + sin C ≤ 2 2 .
Equality holds when 2 A = B = C = 4 π .
So our answer is ⌊ 1 0 4 ⋅ 2 2 ⌋ = 2 8 2 8 4 .