cos ( 1 1 π ) − cos ( 1 1 2 π ) + cos ( 1 1 3 π ) − cos ( 1 1 4 π ) + cos ( 1 1 5 π ) = ?
This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try
refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and,
finally, (c)
loading the
non-javascript version of this page
. We're sorry about the hassle.
Oh, that's a nice trick! How did you think about it?
Oh!Excellent thinking!
Brilliant !!
can you explain the jump from line 3 to line 4? thanks!
Log in to reply
Wow, that was so smart
With the identity cos ( θ ) = − cos ( π − θ ) we can rewrite the expression:
− cos ( 1 1 1 0 π ) − cos ( 1 1 2 π ) − cos ( 1 1 8 π ) − cos ( 1 1 4 π ) − cos ( 1 1 6 π ) .
Now, let w be a complex 11th root of unity. Then, w 1 1 = 1 and, factorizing: w 1 0 + w 9 + ⋯ + w + 1 = 0 and dividing by w 5 :
w 5 + w − 5 + w 4 + w − 4 + w 3 + w − 3 + w 2 + w − 2 + w + w − 1 = − 1 . But also. w k + w − k = 2 cos ( 1 1 2 π k ) , so we have:
2 cos ( 1 1 1 0 π ) + 2 cos ( 1 1 8 π ) + 2 cos ( 1 1 6 π ) + 2 cos ( 1 1 4 π ) + 2 cos ( 1 1 2 π ) = − 1
And finally:
− cos ( 1 1 1 0 π ) − cos ( 1 1 2 π ) − cos ( 1 1 8 π ) − cos ( 1 1 4 π ) − cos ( 1 1 6 π ) = 2 1
CHALLENGE MASTER NOTE: SO GOOD!
Log in to reply
Oh, thanks :D You're welcome.
Where does that identity involving w k + w − k come from? Does it just follow from the definition of roots of unity? I haven't studied those much yet.
Log in to reply
We know, by Euler's formula that e i θ = cos θ + i sin θ , so we also know that e − i θ = cos ( − θ ) + i sin ( − θ ) , but the cosine function is even and the sine function is odd, so e − i θ = cos θ − i sin θ . Adding these two identities we get: e i θ + e − i θ = 2 cos θ
X = cos 1 1 π − cos 1 1 2 π + cos 1 1 3 π − cos 1 1 4 π + cos 1 1 5 π = cos 1 1 π + cos 1 1 9 π + cos 1 1 3 π + cos 1 1 7 π + cos 1 1 5 π = 2 1 = 0 . 5 Note that k = 0 ∑ n − 1 cos ( 2 n + 1 2 k + 1 π ) = 2 1 see Proof.
Proof:
This is to prove that k = 0 ∑ n − 1 cos ( 2 n + 1 2 k + 1 π ) = 2 1
k = 0 ∑ n − 1 cos ( 2 n + 1 2 k + 1 π ) = ℜ { k = 0 ∑ n − 1 e 2 n + 1 2 k + 1 π i } = ℜ { e 2 n + 1 π i k = 0 ∑ n − 1 e 2 n + 1 2 k π i } = ℜ { e 2 n + 1 π i ⋅ 1 − e 2 n + 1 2 π i 1 − e 2 n + 1 2 n π i } = ℜ { e 2 n + 1 π i ⋅ 1 − e 2 n + 1 2 π i 1 − e 2 n + 1 2 n + 1 − 1 π i } = ℜ { e 2 n + 1 π i ⋅ 1 − e 2 n + 1 2 π i 1 + e − 2 n + 1 π i } = ℜ { e − 2 n + 1 π i − e 2 n + 1 π i 1 + e − 2 n + 1 π i } = ℜ { − 2 i sin 2 n + 1 π 1 + cos 2 n + 1 π − i sin 2 n + 1 π } = 2 1
For completeness, can you explain this step:
Using Argand diagram we note that: cos 1 1 2 π + cos 1 1 4 π + cos 1 1 6 π + cos 1 1 8 π + cos 1 1 1 0 π = − 2 1
yes plz explain that (challenge master note) i was thinking of using argand diagram but could'nt figure it out at all how to find it's value the i had to resort to some other things . thx !
Log in to reply
I have written the note to explain it. I will provide an explanation with complex number.
Log in to reply
@shubham dhull -- I have done the proof using complex numbers. See solution.
but sir , ∑ k = 1 n w k = -1 not 1 .
Log in to reply
Yes, there is an error. ω 4 n + 2 = 1 not ω 2 n + 1 = 1 . I will work it out again tomorrow.
Done! Stupid me, I forgot simple Euler's formula would do.
Log in to reply
yes thnx , that's the way i did but i wanted to do it by using argand diagram , plz tell if possible , and one thing , *you are not stupid at all , even i would say you are a genius ! *
Log in to reply
@A Former Brilliant Member – I sort of have explained it in this Note .
Problem Loading...
Note Loading...
Set Loading...