Trig-integral

Calculus Level 5

Let

I = 5 π / 8 7 π / 8 n = 0 sin 2 n x d x I = \int_{5\pi/8}^{7\pi/8} \sqrt{\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \sin^{2n} x} \ dx

Find 1 0 9 I \lfloor 10^{9}I \rfloor .


The answer is 1211691197.

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1 solution

Ronak Agarwal
Feb 9, 2015

Firstly using the concept of geometric series we get :

n = 0 sin 2 n x = n = 0 ( sin 2 x ) n = 1 1 sin 2 x = 1 cos 2 x = sec 2 x \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \sin^{2n}x = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} {(\sin^{2}x)}^{n} = \frac{1}{1-\sin^{2}x}=\frac{1}{\cos^{2}x} = \sec^{2}x

Now our integral becomes :

I = 5 π 8 7 π 8 sec 2 x d x = 5 π 8 7 π 8 s e c ( x ) d x I=\int_{\frac{5\pi}{8}}^{\frac{7\pi}{8}} \sqrt{\sec^{2}x} dx=\int _{ \frac { 5\pi }{ 8 } }^{ \frac { 7\pi }{ 8 } }{ \left| sec(x) \right| dx }

Put x = π t x=\pi-t to get our integral as :

I = π 8 3 π 8 s e c ( t ) d t I=\int _{ \frac { \pi }{ 8 } }^{ \frac { 3\pi }{ 8 } }{ \left| sec(t) \right| dt }

Since s e c ( x ) > 0 sec(x)>0 in the interval hence :

I = π 8 3 π 8 s e c ( t ) d t I=\int _{ \frac { \pi }{ 8 } }^{ \frac { 3\pi }{ 8 } }{ sec(t)dt }

I = ( l n ( s e c ( t ) + t a n ( t ) ) ) π 8 3 π 8 I=(ln(sec(t)+tan(t)))\overset { \frac { 3\pi }{ 8 } }{ \underset { \frac { \pi }{ 8 } }{ | } }

I = 1.211691197011..... I=1.211691197011.....

Exactly! :)

Jake Lai - 6 years, 4 months ago

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It's quite an easy question coming from you !!

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 4 months ago

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I just came up with this on the fly. Harder ones coming up soon, I promise :3

Jake Lai - 6 years, 4 months ago

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@Jake Lai I'll be waiting !!!

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 4 months ago

Good problem, although the 1 0 9 I 10^9I was a little strange when I got a value of I I greater than 1. 1.

Trevor B. - 6 years, 4 months ago

Is it OK to assume I will always be positive? Value of I in the problem is actually, negative, but the concept of "negative area " seems to be absurd too :)

Vincent Miller Moral - 6 years, 2 months ago

Too tired plus careless rush can easily be trapped.

Lu Chee Ket - 6 years, 4 months ago

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