⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎧ x 1 + 4 x 2 + 9 x 3 + 1 6 x 4 + 2 5 x 5 + 3 6 x 6 + 4 9 x 7 4 x 1 + 9 x 2 + 1 6 x 3 + 2 5 x 4 + 3 6 x 5 + 4 9 x 6 + 6 4 x 7 9 x 1 + 1 6 x 2 + 2 5 x 3 + 3 6 x 4 + 4 9 x 5 + 6 4 x 6 + 8 1 x 7 = = = 4 4 4 4 4 4
If x 1 , x 2 , … , x 7 satisfy the system of equations above, find the value of
1 6 x 1 + 2 5 x 2 + 3 6 x 3 + 4 9 x 4 + 6 4 x 5 + 8 1 x 6 + 1 0 0 x 7 .
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Thank you! I've updated the problem statement accordingly.
It is also good to mention how to systematically obtain those "magic coefficients" and more importantly, why does the problem have a unique solution.
The magic comes from Linear Algebra, where it can be shown that the 4 × 7 matrix consisting of four rows of coefficients of seven variables has a rank of three. Hence its rows are linearly dependent and there is only one way to express the fourth row in terms of linear combinations of the other three rows.
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I think the fun part is not to solve it systematically... otherwise it would be just another boring row reduction problem.
There is no need to worry about the uniqueness of the solution, even if, hypothetically, more of the rows were dependent.
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I mean both existence and uniqueness. Of course it is easy to cook up an example where the system does not have any solution and the above method yields some answer. You have to check that rank ( A ) = rank ( A : b ) .
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@Abhishek Sinha – The way the problem is phrased, "if x 1 , . . . , x 7 satisfy the system of equations above," existence is not an issue, and neither is uniqueness.
Thank you. Sorry for the mistake
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I liked this question very much! Keep posting!
What do you call that kind of equation? What do we need to satisfy and use that equation?
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It is simply a system of linear equations. You could call the value we seek x 8 ... then you have a system of four linear equations with eight unknowns. This kind of thing can be solved systematically with Gaussian elimination (preferably using technology), but it is fun to look for short-cuts. If you run the system on MATLAB or such (which I admit to have done to check my answer), the last row of the rref of the augmented matrix comes out to be [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 1204].
How the last equation is the first minus 3 times the second plus three times the third
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For example, for the coefficients of x 1 , you have 1 6 = 1 − 3 ∗ 4 + 3 ∗ 9 .
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oh yeah, thanks but how to observe it?
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@Dev Sharma – From the relation among four consecutive squares, ( n + 3 ) 2 = n 2 − 3 ( n + 1 ) 2 + 3 ( n + 2 ) 2 . Consider the second differences to find this formula.
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@Otto Bretscher – Exactly I also solved it in the same way sir
..
Assume P ( n ) = n 2 x 1 + . . . + ( n + 6 ) 2 x 7 . P(n) is a quadratic polynomial in n i.e. P ( n ) = a n 2 + b n + c . We are given P ( 1 ) = 4 , P ( 2 ) = 4 4 , P ( 3 ) = 4 4 4 hence, we can find a , b , c . We have to evaluate P ( 4 ) which can be done after finding a , b , c .
I really liked your approach towards the problem... it made the solution even easier!
I got a = 180; b= - 500; c = 324 and thus P(4)=1204
Nice approach!!
For an alternative solution, hehe I just investigated the pattern, as what the question suggested.
I subtracted equation (1) from equation (2) and arrived at
E 1 = 3 x 1 + 5 x 2 + 7 x 3 + 9 x 4 + 1 1 x 5 + 1 3 x 6 + 1 5 x 7 = 4 0
Similarly, I subtracted equation (2) from equation (3) and arrived at
E 2 = 5 x 1 + 7 x 2 + 9 x 3 + 1 1 x 4 + 1 3 x 5 + 1 5 x 6 + 1 7 x 7 = 4 0 0
Notice that every corresponding coefficient is two more than its counterpart, or
Q 1 = E 2 − E 1
Q 1 = 2 ( x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + x 6 + x 7 ) = 3 6 0
To arrive at the next pattern,we need to add E 3 to equation (3) such that
E 3 = E 2 + Q 1
E 3 = 7 x 1 + 9 x 2 + 1 1 x 3 + 1 3 x 4 + 1 5 x 5 + 1 7 x 6 + 1 9 x 7 = 7 6 0
so, we just add E 3 to equation (3) and we arrive at the equation above, with the RHS equal to
7 6 0 + 4 4 4 = 1 2 0 4 .
I did the same!
I solved this problem exactly the same way!
I solved for x 1 + x 2 + x 4 + . . . . . . x 7 but that was no need. Just need to multiply and subtract some equations.
The 3 given equations can be written as:
∑ i = 1 7 i 2 × x i =4 .....Equation 1
∑ i = 1 7 ( i + 1 ) 2 × x i =44 .....Equation 2
∑ i = 1 7 ( i + 2 ) 2 × x i =444 .....Equation 3
Now,
∑ i = 1 7 ( i + 1 ) 2 × x i = ∑ i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + 1 × x i + 2 i × x i = ∑ i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 2 i × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 1 × x i =44 ....Equation 4
From Equation 1 , Equation 4 is equal to
4 + 2 ∑ i = 1 7 i × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 x i =44
⇒ 2 ∑ i = 1 7 i × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 x i =40 ...Equation 5
Again,
∑ i = 1 7 ( i + 2 ) 2 × x i = ∑ i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + 4 × x i + 4 i × x i = ∑ i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 4 i × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 4 × x i =444 ......Equation 6
From Equation 1 ,Equation 6 is equal to
4 + 4 ∑ i = 1 7 i × x i + 4 ∑ i = 1 7 x i =444
⇒ ∑ i = 1 7 i × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 x i =110..Equation7
Equation 5 - Equation 7
⇒ ∑ i = 1 7 i × x i =-70 .....Equation 8
⇒ ∑ i = 1 7 x i =180 ...Equation 9
The expression's value which we have to find can be written as
∑ i = 1 7 ( i + 3 ) 2 × x i
which is equal to ∑ i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + 9 × x i + 6 i × x i
⇒ ∑ i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 6 i × x i + ∑ i = 1 7 9 × x i = ∑ i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + 6 ∑ i = 1 7 i × x i + 9 ∑ i = 1 7 × x i
Now the value can easily be found from equation 8,9 and 1
∑ i = 1 7 ( i + 3 ) 2 × x i =4+ 6 × − 7 0 + 9 × 1 8 0
∴ 1 6 x 1 + 2 5 x 2 + 3 6 x 3 + 4 9 x 4 + 6 4 x 5 + 8 1 x 6 + 1 0 0 x 7 =4+1620-420= 1 2 0 4
Treating x4 = x5 = x6 = x7 = 0, solved by 4 Cramer's determinants:
x1 = 717
x2 = -824
x3 = 287
16 x1 + 25 x2 + 36 x3 = 1204
The value of expression wanted must be specially related to all above even though not necessarily sticks to (4, 44 , 444) like someone here had proposed with (16, 25, 36) for (x1, x2, x3) = (1, -3, 3) and there ought to be at least a valid case such as for x4 to x7 equal to zero!
I have done this in different way. It is clear that it is a linear system of equations. I will make a new system of equation to find out the multipliers by the coefficient of any three variables. Lets assume that the first equation is multiplied by X second by Y and third by Z. Then it can be written: X + 4 Y + 9 Z = 1 6 , 4 X + 9 Y + 1 6 Z = 2 5 9 X + 1 6 Y + 2 5 Z = 3 6 solve this system of equation and you will get: X = 1 , Y = − 3 , Z = 3 hence now the multipliers are clear, apply the same rule for the row operation of the given system of equation and you will get 4 × 1 + 4 4 × − 3 + 4 4 4 × 3 = 1 2 0 4
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Since ( n + 3 ) 2 = n 2 − 3 ( n + 1 ) 2 + 3 ( n + 2 ) 2 , the last equation is the first minus 3 times the second plus three times the third, 4 − 3 ∗ 4 4 + 3 ∗ 4 4 4 = 1 2 0 4