Trust me it's the pattern

Algebra Level 4

{ x 1 + 4 x 2 + 9 x 3 + 16 x 4 + 25 x 5 + 36 x 6 + 49 x 7 = 4 4 x 1 + 9 x 2 + 16 x 3 + 25 x 4 + 36 x 5 + 49 x 6 + 64 x 7 = 44 9 x 1 + 16 x 2 + 25 x 3 + 36 x 4 + 49 x 5 + 64 x 6 + 81 x 7 = 444 \begin{cases} x_1 + 4 x_2 + 9 x_3 +16x_4 + 25x_5 + 36x_6+ 49 x_7 & = & 4 \\ 4x_1 + 9 x_2 + 16x_3 +25x_4 + 36x_5 + 49x_6 + 64 x_7 & = & 44 \\ 9 x_1 + 16 x_2 + 25 x_3 +36x_4 + 49x_5 + 64x_6 + 81 x_7 & = & 444 \\ \end{cases}

If x 1 , x 2 , , x 7 x_1, x_2, \ldots , x_7 satisfy the system of equations above, find the value of

16 x 1 + 25 x 2 + 36 x 3 + 49 x 4 + 64 x 5 + 81 x 6 + 100 x 7 . 16x_{ 1 }+25x_{ 2 }+36x_{ 3 }+49{ x }_{ 4 }+64x_5 + 81x_6 +{ 100x }_{ 7 } .


The answer is 1204.

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7 solutions

Otto Bretscher
Oct 14, 2015

Since ( n + 3 ) 2 = n 2 3 ( n + 1 ) 2 + 3 ( n + 2 ) 2 (n+3)^2=n^2-3(n+1)^2+3(n+2)^2 , the last equation is the first minus 3 times the second plus three times the third, 4 3 44 + 3 444 = 1204 4-3*44+3*444=\boxed{1204}

Thank you! I've updated the problem statement accordingly.

Brilliant Mathematics Staff - 5 years, 8 months ago

It is also good to mention how to systematically obtain those "magic coefficients" and more importantly, why does the problem have a unique solution.

The magic comes from Linear Algebra, where it can be shown that the 4 × 7 4 \times 7 matrix consisting of four rows of coefficients of seven variables has a rank of three. Hence its rows are linearly dependent and there is only one way to express the fourth row in terms of linear combinations of the other three rows.

Abhishek Sinha - 5 years, 8 months ago

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I think the fun part is not to solve it systematically... otherwise it would be just another boring row reduction problem.

There is no need to worry about the uniqueness of the solution, even if, hypothetically, more of the rows were dependent.

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 8 months ago

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I mean both existence and uniqueness. Of course it is easy to cook up an example where the system does not have any solution and the above method yields some answer. You have to check that rank ( A ) = rank ( A : b ) \text{rank}(A)=\text{rank}(A:b) .

Abhishek Sinha - 5 years, 8 months ago

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@Abhishek Sinha The way the problem is phrased, "if x 1 , . . . , x 7 x_1,...,x_7 satisfy the system of equations above," existence is not an issue, and neither is uniqueness.

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 8 months ago

Thank you. Sorry for the mistake

Porames Vattanaprasan - 5 years, 8 months ago

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I liked this question very much! Keep posting!

Nihar Mahajan - 5 years, 7 months ago

What do you call that kind of equation? What do we need to satisfy and use that equation?

Gia Mariedel Romerosa Guadines - 5 years, 8 months ago

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It is simply a system of linear equations. You could call the value we seek x 8 x_8 ... then you have a system of four linear equations with eight unknowns. This kind of thing can be solved systematically with Gaussian elimination (preferably using technology), but it is fun to look for short-cuts. If you run the system on MATLAB or such (which I admit to have done to check my answer), the last row of the rref of the augmented matrix comes out to be [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 : 1204].

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 7 months ago

How the last equation is the first minus 3 times the second plus three times the third

Dev Sharma - 5 years, 5 months ago

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For example, for the coefficients of x 1 x_1 , you have 16 = 1 3 4 + 3 9 16=1-3*4+3*9 .

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 5 months ago

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oh yeah, thanks but how to observe it?

Dev Sharma - 5 years, 5 months ago

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@Dev Sharma From the relation among four consecutive squares, ( n + 3 ) 2 = n 2 3 ( n + 1 ) 2 + 3 ( n + 2 ) 2 (n+3)^2=n^2-3(n+1)^2+3(n+2)^2 . Consider the second differences to find this formula.

Otto Bretscher - 5 years, 5 months ago

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@Otto Bretscher Exactly I also solved it in the same way sir

..

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 5 months ago
Mietantei Conan
Oct 16, 2015

Assume P ( n ) = n 2 x 1 + . . . + ( n + 6 ) 2 x 7 P(n)=n^2x_1+...+(n+6)^2x_7 . P(n) is a quadratic polynomial in n n i.e. P ( n ) = a n 2 + b n + c P(n)=an^2+bn+c . We are given P ( 1 ) = 4 , P ( 2 ) = 44 , P ( 3 ) = 444 P(1)=4,P(2)=44,P(3)=444 hence, we can find a , b , c a, b, c . We have to evaluate P ( 4 ) P(4) which can be done after finding a , b , c a, b, c .

I really liked your approach towards the problem... it made the solution even easier!

I got a = 180; b= - 500; c = 324 and thus P(4)=1204

jaiveer shekhawat - 5 years, 7 months ago

Nice approach!!

Naveen Karri - 5 years, 7 months ago
Efren Medallo
Oct 17, 2015

For an alternative solution, hehe I just investigated the pattern, as what the question suggested.

I subtracted equation (1) from equation (2) and arrived at

E 1 = 3 x 1 + 5 x 2 + 7 x 3 + 9 x 4 + 11 x 5 + 13 x 6 + 15 x 7 = 40 E_1 = 3x_1 + 5x_2 + 7x_3 + 9x_4 + 11x_5 + 13x_6 +15 x_7 = 40

Similarly, I subtracted equation (2) from equation (3) and arrived at

E 2 = 5 x 1 + 7 x 2 + 9 x 3 + 11 x 4 + 13 x 5 + 15 x 6 + 17 x 7 = 400 E_2 = 5x_1 + 7x_2 + 9x_3 + 11x_4 + 13x_5 + 15x_6 +17x_7 = 400

Notice that every corresponding coefficient is two more than its counterpart, or

Q 1 = E 2 E 1 Q_1 = E_2 - E1

Q 1 = 2 ( x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + x 6 + x 7 ) = 360 Q_1= 2(x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 + x_5 + x_6 +x_7) = 360

To arrive at the next pattern,we need to add E 3 E_3 to equation (3) such that

E 3 = E 2 + Q 1 E_3 = E_2 + Q_1

E 3 = 7 x 1 + 9 x 2 + 11 x 3 + 13 x 4 + 15 x 5 + 17 x 6 + 19 x 7 = 760 E_3 = 7x_1 + 9x_2 + 11x_3 + 13x_4 + 15x_5 + 17x_6 +19x_7 = 760

so, we just add E 3 E_3 to equation (3) and we arrive at the equation above, with the RHS equal to

760 + 444 = 1204 760 + 444 = \boxed {1204} .

I did the same!

Magne Myhren - 5 years, 7 months ago

I solved this problem exactly the same way!

M Dub - 5 years, 7 months ago
William Isoroku
Oct 20, 2015

I solved for x 1 + x 2 + x 4 + . . . . . . x 7 x_1+x_2+x_4+......x_7 but that was no need. Just need to multiply and subtract some equations.

Arihant Samar
Nov 6, 2015

The 3 given equations can be written as:

i = 1 7 i 2 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { i }^{ 2 } } \times { \ x }_{ i } =4 .....Equation 1

i = 1 7 ( i + 1 ) 2 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { (i+1) }^{ 2 } } \times { \ x }_{ i } =44 .....Equation 2

i = 1 7 ( i + 2 ) 2 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { (i+2) }^{ 2 } } \times { \ x }_{ i } =444 .....Equation 3

Now,

i = 1 7 ( i + 1 ) 2 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { (i+1) }^{ 2 } } \times { \ x }_{ i } = i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + 1 × x i + 2 i × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { i }^{ 2 } } \times { x }_{ i }+1\times { x }_{ i }+2i\times { x }_{ i } = i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + i = 1 7 2 i × x i + i = 1 7 1 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { i }^{ 2 } } \times { x }_{ i }\quad +\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ 2i\times } { x }_{ i }+\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ 1\times } { x }_{ i } =44 ....Equation 4

From Equation 1 , Equation 4 is equal to

4 + 2 i = 1 7 i × x i + i = 1 7 x i 4+2\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ i\times } { x }_{ i }+\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { x }_{ i } } =44

\Rightarrow 2 i = 1 7 i × x i + i = 1 7 x i 2\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ i\times } { x }_{ i }+\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { x }_{ i } } =40 ...Equation 5

Again,

i = 1 7 ( i + 2 ) 2 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { (i+2) }^{ 2 } } \times { \ x }_{ i } = i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + 4 × x i + 4 i × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { i }^{ 2 } } \times { x }_{ i }+4\times { x }_{ i }+4i\times { x }_{ i } = i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + i = 1 7 4 i × x i + i = 1 7 4 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { i }^{ 2 } } \times { x }_{ i }\quad +\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ 4i\times } { x }_{ i }+\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ 4\times } { x }_{ i } =444 ......Equation 6

From Equation 1 ,Equation 6 is equal to

4 + 4 i = 1 7 i × x i + 4 i = 1 7 x i 4+4\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ i\times } { x }_{ i }+4\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { x }_{ i } } =444

\Rightarrow i = 1 7 i × x i + i = 1 7 x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ i\times } { x }_{ i }+\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { x }_{ i } } =110..Equation7

Equation 5 - Equation 7

\Rightarrow i = 1 7 i × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ i\times } { x }_{ i } =-70 .....Equation 8

\Rightarrow i = 1 7 x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { x }_{ i } } =180 ...Equation 9

The expression's value which we have to find can be written as

i = 1 7 ( i + 3 ) 2 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { (i+3) }^{ 2 } } \times { \ x }_{ i }

which is equal to i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + 9 × x i + 6 i × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { i }^{ 2 } } \times { x }_{ i }+9\times { x }_{ i }+6i\times { x }_{ i }

\Rightarrow i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + i = 1 7 6 i × x i + i = 1 7 9 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { i }^{ 2 } } \times { x }_{ i }\ +\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ 6i\times } { x }_{ i }+\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ 9\times } { x }_{ i } = i = 1 7 i 2 × x i + 6 i = 1 7 i × x i + 9 i = 1 7 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { i }^{ 2 } } \times { x }_{ i }\ +6\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ i\times } { x }_{ i }+9\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ \times } { x }_{ i }

Now the value can easily be found from equation 8,9 and 1

i = 1 7 ( i + 3 ) 2 × x i \sum _{ i=1 }^{ 7 }{ { (i+3) }^{ 2 } } \times { \ x }_{ i } =4+ 6 × 70 6\times -70 + 9 × 180 9\times 180

\therefore 16 x 1 + 25 x 2 + 36 x 3 + 49 x 4 + 64 x 5 + 81 x 6 + 100 x 7 16{ x }_{ 1 }+25{ x }_{ 2 }+36{ x }_{ 3 }+49x_{ 4 }+64{ x }_{ 5 }+81{ x }_{ 6 }+100{ x }_{ 7 } =4+1620-420= 1204 \boxed{1204}

Lu Chee Ket
Oct 23, 2015

Treating x4 = x5 = x6 = x7 = 0, solved by 4 Cramer's determinants:

x1 = 717

x2 = -824

x3 = 287

16 x1 + 25 x2 + 36 x3 = 1204

The value of expression wanted must be specially related to all above even though not necessarily sticks to (4, 44 , 444) like someone here had proposed with (16, 25, 36) for (x1, x2, x3) = (1, -3, 3) and there ought to be at least a valid case such as for x4 to x7 equal to zero!

Sajan Kapil
Oct 20, 2015

I have done this in different way. It is clear that it is a linear system of equations. I will make a new system of equation to find out the multipliers by the coefficient of any three variables. Lets assume that the first equation is multiplied by X second by Y and third by Z. Then it can be written: X + 4 Y + 9 Z = 16 , 4 X + 9 Y + 16 Z = 25 9 X + 16 Y + 25 Z = 36 X + 4Y + 9Z=16, \\ 4X+9Y+16Z=25 \\ 9X+16Y + 25Z=36 solve this system of equation and you will get: X = 1 , Y = 3 , Z = 3 X=1, \\ Y=-3, \\ Z=3 hence now the multipliers are clear, apply the same rule for the row operation of the given system of equation and you will get 4 × 1 + 44 × 3 + 444 × 3 = 1204 4 \times 1 + 44 \times -3 + 444 \times 3 = 1204

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