Walking Paths

A construction worker is building a straight walking path that is 5m long from a client's front door to the sidewalk. The path is to be built out of planks that are 60 cm, 70cm, and 100 cm in length. How many different paths could be constructed using these plank lengths?

Details and assumptions

2 paths are different if the planks used are not in the same order. For example, the path constructing using planks 100 , 70 , 60 , 70 , 100 100, 70, 60, 70, 100 is different from the path constructed using planks 100 , 100 , 70 , 60 , 70 100, 100, 70, 60, 70 .

The worker has enough quantities of each different length of planks.


The answer is 215.

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29 solutions

Kiriti Mukherjee
Jul 24, 2013

The length of the path is 500 c m 500 cm . Now, suppose we use the plank 60 c m , a 60 cm , a times ; 70 c m , b 70 cm, b times and 100 c m , c 100cm , c times where a , b , c a,b,c are non-negative integers,

Then, 500 = 60 a + 70 b + 100 c 500 = 60a + 70b +100c

50 10 c 6 a = 7 b \Rightarrow 50 - 10c - 6a = 7b

50 10 c 6 a 7 = b \Rightarrow \frac {50 - 10c - 6a}{7} = b where 0 c 5 0\leq c \leq 5

Now, putting all values of c c we get only 5 5 integer solution of ( a , b , c ) (a,b,c) and those are :

1 : ( 6 , 2 , 0 ) (6,2,0) and wee can arrange it in ( 6 + 2 ) ! 6 ! × 2 ! = 8 ! 6 ! × 2 ! = 28 \frac {(6+2)!}{6! \times 2!} = \frac {8!}{6! \times 2!} = 28 ways.

2 : ( 2 , 4 , 1 ) (2,4,1) we can arrange this in ( 2 + 4 + 1 ) ! 4 ! × 2 ! = 7 ! 4 ! × 2 ! = 105 \frac {(2+4+1)!}{4! \times 2!} = \frac {7!}{4! \times 2!} = 105 ways.

3 : ( 5 , 0 , 2 ) (5,0,2) we can arrange this in ( 5 + 0 + 2 ) ! 5 ! × 2 ! = 7 ! 5 ! × 2 ! = 21 \frac {(5+0+2)!}{5! \times 2!} = \frac {7!}{5! \times 2!} = 21 ways.

4 : ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) (1,2,3) we can arrange it in ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) ! 3 ! × 2 ! = 6 ! 3 ! × 2 ! = 60 \frac {(1+2+3)!}{3! \times 2!} = \frac {6!}{3! \times 2!} = 60 ways.

5 : ( 0 , 0 , 5 ) (0,0,5) we can arrange this in 5 ! 5 ! = 1 \frac {5!}{5!} = 1 ways.

Now, total we can create ( 28 + 105 + 21 + 60 + 1 ) = 215 (28+105+21+60+1) = \boxed {215} different path.

Almost got it ouch!

Rindell Mabunga - 7 years, 10 months ago

How did u calculate number of ways to arrange (a,b,c) ?

Ashish Sacheti - 5 years, 10 months ago
Michael Tang
Jul 24, 2013

We convert all lengths to centimeters. Let the number of 60 60 cm planks, the number of 70 70 cm planks, and the number of 100 100 cm planks be a , b , c a, b, c respectively. Then we want to find the number of solutions to the equation 60 a + 70 b + 100 c = 500 60a+70b+100c=500 where a , b , c a, b, c are nonnegative integers. Dividing through by 10 10 gives 6 a + 7 b + 10 c = 50. 6a+7b+10c=50. Considering parity, we see that 7 b 7b must be even, which means that b b must be even. So, write b = 2 b 1 b = 2b_1 for some nonnegative integer b 1 . b_1. Substituting and dividing by 2 , 2, we have 3 a + 7 b 1 + 5 c = 25. 3a+7b_1+5c=25. To limit the number of cases to check, note that 7 b 1 25 , 7b_1 \le 25, so b 1 3. b_1 \le 3. We take cases on the value of b 1 b_1 :

  • If b 1 = 0 , b_1 = 0, then we have 3 a + 5 c = 25. 3a+5c=25. Checking all cases, we find that either ( a , c ) = ( 0 , 5 ) (a,c) = (0,5) or ( 5 , 2 ) . (5,2). This gives the ordered triples ( a , b , c ) = ( 0 , 0 , 5 ) , ( 5 , 0 , 2 ) . (a,b,c) = (0, 0, 5), (5, 0, 2).

  • If b 1 = 1 , b_1 = 1, then 3 a + 5 c = 18. 3a+5c = 18. Checking through all possible values, we find that ( a , c ) = ( 1 , 3 ) (a,c) = (1, 3) or ( 6 , 0 ) . (6,0). This case gives the triples ( a , b , c ) = ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) , ( 6 , 2 , 0 ) . (a,b,c) = (1, 2, 3), (6, 2, 0).

  • If b 1 = 2 , b_1 = 2, then 3 a + 5 c = 11. 3a+5c = 11. Checking all cases gives only the solution ( a , c ) = ( 2 , 1 ) . (a,c) = (2,1). So, another triple is ( a , b , c ) = ( 2 , 4 , 1 ) . (a,b,c) = (2, 4, 1).

  • If b 1 = 3 , b_1 = 3, then 3 a + 5 b = 4. 3a+5b = 4. There are no solutions in this case.

This is the last case to check. So, all of the possible triples ( a , b , c ) (a,b,c) are ( 0 , 0 , 5 ) , ( 5 , 0 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) , ( 6 , 2 , 0 ) , ( 2 , 4 , 1 ) . (0,0,5), (5,0,2), (1,2,3),(6,2,0),(2,4,1). We count the number of ways to order each arrangement of planks:

  • ( 0 , 0 , 5 ) c, c, c, c, c , (0,0,5) \Rightarrow \text{c, c, c, c, c}, so there is 1 1 way to order this.

  • ( 5 , 0 , 2 ) a, a, a, a, a, c, c , (5,0, 2) \Rightarrow \text{a, a, a, a, a, c, c}, so there are 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! = 21 \dfrac{7!}{5!2!} = 21 ways to order this.

  • ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) a, b, b, c, c, c (1, 2, 3) \Rightarrow \text{a, b, b, c, c, c} which gives 6 ! 3 ! 2 ! = 60 \dfrac{6!}{3!2!} = 60 orderings.

  • ( 6 , 2 , 0 ) a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b , (6, 2, 0) \Rightarrow \text{a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b}, which makes 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! = 28 \dfrac{8!}{6!2!} = 28 possible orderings.

  • ( 2 , 4 , 1 ) a, a, b, b, b, b, c , (2, 4, 1) \Rightarrow \text{a, a, b, b, b, b, c}, so there are 7 ! 4 ! 2 ! = 105 \dfrac{7!}{4!2!} = 105 possible ways to order this.

Thus, in total there are 1 + 21 + 60 + 28 + 105 = 215 1 + 21 + 60 + 28 + 105 = \boxed{215} ways to build the walking path.

Very clear solution, well done.

Tim Vermeulen - 7 years, 10 months ago

This problem can be easily solved using dynamic programming.

Let N ( L ) N(L) be the number of paths of length 10 L 10 L (Since everything is a multiple of 10, might as well cancel it off).

N ( l ) = 0 N(l)=0 for l 6 l \le 6 except N ( 0 ) = 1 N(0)=1 .

The recurrence for higher values of l is N ( l ) = N ( l 6 ) + N ( l 7 ) + N ( l 10 ) N(l)=N(l-6)+N(l-7)+N(l-10)

This recurrence can be easily used to find N ( 50 ) N(50) :

L=50
N=[0 for i in range(L+1)]
N[0]=1
dl=[6,7,10]

for i in range(1,51):
    for j in range(3):
        if i>=dl[j]:
            N[i]+=N[i-dl[j]]

print N[50]

Moderator note:

This solution has generated a lot of interest in the topic of using computers to aid in solving the problem.

What happens if we replace the length 5m with the length 50m, or 500m? How would you solve the question then? The number of cases required to solve this using case analysis would be enormous. At what point do we say that the number of cases is too many and look for a different approach? 5? 10? 20? 50?

Would this be a problem in Data Structures and Algorithms , this would be a great solution. But it's Geometry and Combinatorics , so this problem is solvable without a computer.

Tim Vermeulen - 7 years, 10 months ago

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My way of thinking is that, if you get a provable, correct solution, it doesn't matter whether it was done by a human or a computer. Particularly in this case, I don't find the other case-by-case analysis solutions any more elegant.

Raziman Thottungal Valapu - 7 years, 10 months ago

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They're indeed not more elegant, but these problems are designed to be solved by hand. Many problems get way easier with the use of a computer.

Tim Vermeulen - 7 years, 10 months ago

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@Tim Vermeulen Perhaps I am doing it wrong, but this is the way I think of Brilliant. I am given some challenges, and I need to solve them myself using tools I normally have with me - that is, without involving other people or any tool that I wouldn't normally have access to. That means I consider it fair game to code something myself (I think in terms of algorithms and implement it very fast, so that is a bonus), or use wolfram alpha or the like.

Raziman Thottungal Valapu - 7 years, 10 months ago

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@Raziman Thottungal Valapu The problems in the mat olympiad section are designed to be solvable with pencil and paper, just like in math olympiads. There's often a beautiful crux move that is essential to solving a problem. Many of these problems become trivial when using a computer.

Tim Vermeulen - 7 years, 10 months ago

This indeed may be an elegant programming solution.

However, one of the aims of dynamic programming is about solving complex optimization problems. When the number of possibilities are in single digit, an optimal solution could be to list them down in less than 1 min by hand rather than write this program. When the number of possibilities run into significantly large number, a more appropriate place for this problem is "Data Structures Category". When it was posted in this (Geometry and Combinatorics) category, the intent is to train the faculty of the brain in this aspect as well.

When we go to gym, there are a number of exercises that are meant to develop different muscles in the body. Solving it using appropriate method could be regarded like this.

It is very much possible that you have solved this problem by the usual method and felt that more general solution that is applicable to any total length, any number of planks of any size. In that case, this is certainly a commendable piece of art!

Cheers.

Ganesh Sundaram - 7 years, 10 months ago

I never thought this problem can be solved by programming idea

Dani Natanael - 7 years, 10 months ago

Kudos!It is nice to have one or two coding solutions lying around in the forums,for such problems.After solving by hand,I realized this problem reminded me of the Coin Sums Problem .So I coded a greedy algorithm for validation. Obviously DP is the more elegant solution here!Very nice!

Thaddeus Abiy - 7 years, 10 months ago
Zubayet Zico
Jul 24, 2013

Let the number of planks of lenth 60 cm , 70 cm , 100 cm are x , y , z respectively .

so,

0 \leq x \mathbf{x} \leq 8 < 500 60 \frac{500}{60} = 50 6 \frac{50}{6}

0 \leq y \mathbf{y} \leq 7 < 500 70 \frac{500}{70} = 50 7 \frac{50}{7}

0 \leq z \mathbf{z} \leq 500 100 \frac{500}{100} = 5

now we can have our equation ,

      60x + 70y + 100Z = 500

\Rightarrow 6x + 7y + 10z = 50

\Rightarrow 3x + 7 2 \frac{7}{2} y +5z = 25

Now, from the equation we can see that 7 2 \frac{7}{2} y must be an integer thus, y has to be an odd number .This makes our work a bit easy . Now we need to put the values in the equation and find out the integer solutions .

When , y = 0

3x + 5z = 25

\Rightarrow 3 5 \frac{3}{5} x + z = 5 , so, x has to be a multiple of 5 . so, x \in { \{ 0 , 5 } \} . This gives us two triples : (0 , 0 , 5) and (5 , 0 , 2)

When , y = 2

6x + 10z = 36

\Rightarrow x + 5 3 \frac{5}{3} z = 6 ,

so, z has to be a multiple of 3 . so, z \in { \{ 0 , 3 } \} . This gives us two triples : (6 , 2 , 0) and (1 , 2 , 3)

When , y = 4

6x + 10z = 22

\Rightarrow 3x + 5z = 11 ,

so, the only triple solution that has integers is (2,4,1).

When , y = 6

6x + 10z = 8

And there is no integer solution in this case .

So, the 5 triples are (0 , 0 , 5) ; (5 , 0 , 2) ; (6 , 2 , 0) ; (1 , 2 , 3) ; (2 , 4 , 1) .

In this case the number of permutation = ( x + y + z ) ! x ! y ! z ! \frac{(x+y+z)!}{ x! y! z! }

So the number of paths that can be constructed =

5 ! 5 ! \frac{5!}{5!} + 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! \frac{7!}{5! 2!} + 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! \frac{8!}{6! 2!} + 6 ! 2 ! 3 ! \frac{6!}{2! 3!} + 7 ! 2 ! 4 ! \frac{7!}{2! 4!} = 215

Ganesh Sundaram
Jul 22, 2013

Let the triplet (k,m,n) indicate the number of 60 cm planks, number of 70 cm planks and 100 cm planks respectively.Then they must satisfy

6k + 7m + 10n = 50.

Possible combinations are: (0,0,5), (5,0,2), (1,2,3), (6,2,0) (2,4,1)

For each combination, number possible ways of arranging planks is ( k + m + n ) ! k ! m ! n ! \frac{(k+m+n)!}{k!m!n!} Sum of them is the required number of possibilities.

Daniel Chiu
Jul 22, 2013

First, we convert to centimeters. 60 a + 70 b + 100 c = 500 60a+70b+100c=500 Now, since 70 is the only odd, we can have 0,2, or 4 70 lengths. We do casework, and if there are at least 5 60s in one solution, we can subtract 5 from a a and add 3 to c c for another solution:

Case 1: b = 0 b=0

In this case, 60 a + 100 c = 500 60a+100c=500 It is easy to see ( 5 , 0 , 2 ) (5,0,2) is one solution here, with 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! = 21 \dfrac{7!}{5!2!}=21 possibilities. Also, ( 0 , 0 , 5 ) (0,0,5) works, with 1 1 possibility. There are 22 possibilities in this case.

Case 2: b = 2 b=2

In this case, 60 a + 100 c = 360 60a+100c=360 Again, there are two solutions. One is ( 6 , 2 , 0 ) (6,2,0) , with 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! = 28 \dfrac{8!}{6!2!}=28 possibilities, and the other is ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) (1,2,3) , with 6 ! 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! = 60 \dfrac{6!}{3!2!1!}=60 possibilities. There are 88 possibilities in this case.

Case 3: b = 4 b=4

In this case, 60 a + 100 c = 220 60a+100c=220 It is easy to see only ( 2 , 4 , 1 ) (2,4,1) works here, so there are 7 ! 4 ! 2 ! 1 ! = 105 \dfrac{7!}{4!2!1!}=105 possibilities in this case.

The answer is 22 + 88 + 105 = 215 22+88+105=\boxed{215} .

Kunal Singh
Jul 21, 2013

There are only 5 combinations by which the worker can build the path :

  1. Using 6 planks of size 60cm and 2 planks of size 70cm .
  2. Using 5 planks of size 60cm and 2 planks of size 1m .
  3. Using 2 planks of size 60cm , 4 planks of size 70cm and 1 plank of size 1m .
  4. Using 1 plank of size 60cm ,2 planks of size 70cm and 3 planks of size 1m .
  5. Using 5 planks of size 1m .

Number of ways of making the path for :

Case 1 = \frac {8!}{6! \times 2!} = 28

Case 2 = \frac {7!}{5! \times 2!} = 21

Case 3 = \frac {7!}{4! \times 2!} = 105

Case 4 = \frac {6!}{2! \times 3!} = 60

Case 5 = 1

Therefore , the total number of ways = 28 + 21 + 105 + 60 + 1 = \Box {215}

First, we find all integer solutions of: 6 x + 7 y + 10 z = 50 6x + 7y + 10z = 50 which are: ( x , y , z ) = ( 6 , 2 , 0 ) , ( 2 , 4 , 1 ) , ( 5 , 0 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) , ( 0 , 0 , 5 ) (x,y,z) = {(6,2,0),(2,4,1),(5,0,2),(1,2,3),(0,0,5)}

Then the total of ways is:

8 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! + 7 ! 2 ! 4 ! 1 ! + 7 ! 5 ! 0 ! 2 ! + 6 ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! + 5 ! 0 ! 0 ! 5 ! = \frac{8!}{6!2!0!} + \frac{7!}{2!4!1!} + \frac{7!}{5!0!2!} + \frac{6!}{1!2!3!} + \frac{5!}{0!0!5!} = 28 + 105 + 21 + 60 + 1 = 215 28+105+21+60+1 = \boxed{215}

For some reason it won't let me reply to Stanislaw's comment, but 0! = 1, not 0.

Michael Tong - 7 years, 10 months ago

If you write " 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! \frac{8!}{6!2!0!} , it's equal to 8 ! 0 \frac{8!}{0} , and you can't divide by zero...

Stanisław Strzelecki - 7 years, 10 months ago
Mursalin Habib
Jul 21, 2013

Notice that the lengths of the boards are 60 60 cm, 70 70 cm and 100 100 cm.

And the length of the path is 500 500 cm.

A little work reveals to us that

500 = 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 500=100+100+100+100+100 = 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 70 + 70 =60+60+60+60+60+70+70 = 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 100 + 100 =60+60+60+60+60+100+100 = 60 + 60 + 70 + 70 + 70 + 70 + 100 =60+60+70+70+70+70+100 = 60 + 70 + 70 + 100 + 100 + 100 =60+70+70+100+100+100

These are the only cases where 500 500 can be written as the sum of 60 60 's, 70 70 's and 100 100 's.

We know that the number of orderings of n n things where k k of them are the same is given by the formula: n ! k ! \frac{n!}{k!}

Since the paths are different when planks are not used in the same order, we can say that the total number of paths is:

5 ! 5 ! + 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! + 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! + 7 ! 2 ! 4 ! + 6 ! 2 ! 3 ! \frac{5!}{5!}+\frac{8!}{6!2!}+\frac{7!}{5!2!}+\frac{7!}{2!4!}+\frac{6!}{2!3!}

Here we've simply taken the cases one by one and written how many orderings of the terms are possible. Now the only thing left is to do a little calculation.

The total number of different paths constructed is = 1 + 28 + 21 + 105 + 60 =1+28+21+105+60

= 215 =215 .

There are 5 possible forms of sum 500:

100 × ( 5 ) 100 \times (5)

70 × ( 4 ) + 60 × ( 2 ) + 100 × ( 1 ) 70 \times (4) + 60 \times (2) + 100 \times (1)

70 × ( 2 ) + 60 × ( 1 ) + 100 × ( 3 ) 70 \times (2) + 60 \times (1) + 100 \times (3)

60 × ( 5 ) + 100 × ( 2 ) 60 \times (5) + 100 \times (2)

60 × ( 6 ) + 70 × ( 2 ) 60 \times (6) + 70 \times (2)

Using permutation with repeated elements, the number of paths is: 1 + ( 7 4 , 2 ) + ( 6 3 , 2 ) + ( 7 5 , 2 ) + ( 8 6 , 2 ) = 215 1 + {7 \choose 4,2} + { 6 \choose 3, 2} + {7 \choose 5, 2} + {8 \choose 6, 2} = 215

Harrison Lian
Jul 27, 2013

Let's do some casework to the solutions of the equation 60 x + 70 y + 100 z = 500 60x+70y+100z=500 :

Case 1 : When x = 1 x=1 , y y must be 2 2 , and z = 3 z=3 .

Case 2 : When x = 2 x=2 , y y must be 4 4 , and z = 1 z=1

Case 3 When x = 3 x=3 , we see that the minimum value of y y is 6 6 , but this exceeds 500 500

Case 4 : If x = 4 x=4 , then the minimum value of y y must be 8 8 , but this also exceeds 500 500 .

Case 5 : If x = 5 x=5 , then y y must be 0, and z = 2 z=2 .

Case 6 : If x = 6 x=6 , then y y must be 2 2 and z = 0 z=0 .

For the last case, we let x x and y y be 0, so z = 5 z=5

There are no more cases, so we must now count the ways the planks can be arranged.

This is:

6 ! 3 ! 2 ! + 7 ! 2 ! 4 ! 1 ! + 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! 0 ! + 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! + 5 ! 5 ! = 215 \frac{6!}{3!*2!}+\frac{7!}{2!*4!*1!}+\frac{7!}{5!*2!*0!}+\frac{8!}{6!*2!*0!}+\frac{5!}{5!}=\boxed{215}

Evan Chien
Jul 25, 2013

The length of the path is 500cm. Now, suppose we use the plank 60cm,a times ;70cm,b times and 100cm now prob is to find the number of solutions to the equation 60a+70b+100c=500 or 6a+7b+10c=50..........(1) now 6a always give even answer 10 b also give even quantity an 50 is even number so 7b must be even number=>b=0;2;4;6; case -1 if b=0 then eq (1) reduces to 3a+5c=25 we find two solutions (a,c)=(0,5)or (5,2). ordered triples are (a,b,c)=(0,0,5),(5,0,2) case-2 if b=2 then eq (1) reduces to 3a+5c=18 we find again two solutions (a,c)=(1,3)or (6,0). gives the triples (a,b,c)=(1,2,3),(6,2,0) case-3 if b=4 3a+5c=11. only the solution (a,c)=(2,1). So, another triplet is (a,b,c)=(2,4,1). case-4 if=6 then 3a+5b=4. There are no solutions in this case. So, all of the possible triples (a,b,c) are (0,0,5),(5,0,2),(1,2,3),(6,2,0),(2,4,1). now we count the number of ways to of arrangement of planks: (0,0,5)=>only 1 way (5,0,2)=> so there are 7!/5!2!=21 ways (1,2,3)=> 6!/3!2!=60 ways (6,2,0)=. 8/!6!2!=28 ways (2,4,1)=>7!/4!2!=105 ways. total there are 1+21+60+28+105=215 ways

Let no. of planks of length 60cm be a, no. of planks of length 70cm be b and no. of planks of length 100cm be c, Case-1 a=6, b=2, c=0, no. of ways =28, Case-2 a=2, b=4, c=1, no. of ways = 105, Case-3 a=5, b=0, c=2, no. of ways = 21, Case-4 a=1, b=2, c=3, no. of ways = 60, Case-5 a=0, b=0, c=5, no. of ways = 1. Hence, total no. of ways =28 +105 +21 +60 +1 = 215

Nishant Sharma
Jul 25, 2013

Let x , y , z x,y,z represent the no. of 60 c m , 70 c m , 100 c m 60cm,70cm,100cm planks respectively used to build the path. Then no. of each plank required will be a solution to the equation 60 x + 70 y + 100 z = 500 60x + 70y + 100z =\:500 i.e. 6 x + 7 y + 10 z = 50 6x + 7y + 10z =\:50 --- ( i ) (i)

where ( x , y , z ) (x,y,z)\in Z + × Z + × Z + \:\mathbb{Z^{+}}\times\mathbb{Z^{+}}\times\mathbb{Z^{+}}

We can obviously see that 0 z 5 0 \leq z\leq5 --- ( i i ) (ii)

If ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) (x_{0},y_{0},z_{0}) is a solution to -- ( i ) (i) then total no. of ways associated with it is the total no. of permutations of ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) (x_{0},y_{0},z_{0}) which is nothing but ( x 0 + y 0 + z 0 ) ! ( x 0 ) ! ( y 0 ) ! ( z 0 ) ! \displaystyle\frac{(x_{0} + y_{0} + z_{0})!}{(x_{0})!(y_{0})!(z_{0})!} .

We will take values of z z one-by-one and find corresponding values of x x and y y . We will also use the fact that if 6 x + 7 y = 10 k 6x + 7y =\:10k for some 0 k 5 , 0 \leq k\leq5, then y y has to be even since 6 x 6x and 10 k 10k are already even and difference of evens is an even.

\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; Solution \:\:\:\:\:\: No. of ways

\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; ( 6 , 2 , 0 ) (6,2,0) \:\:\:\:\:\: 28 28

\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; ( 2 , 4 , 1 ) (2,4,1) \:\:\:\:\:\: 105 105

\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; ( 5 , 0 , 2 ) (5,0,2) \:\:\:\:\:\: 21 21

\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) (1,2,3) \:\:\:\:\:\: 60 60

\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; ( 0 , 0 , 5 ) (0,0,5) \:\:\:\:\:\: 1 1

Now adding up the numbers in the second column we get total no. of ways as 28 + 105 + 21 + 60 + 1 = 28 + 105 + 21 + 60 + 1 =\: 215 \boxed{215} which is our answer.

A very silly typing error Z + \mathbb{Z^{+}} should indeed be W \mathbb{W} i.e. the set of whole numbers.

Nishant Sharma - 7 years, 10 months ago
Debjit Mandal
Jul 24, 2013

Use casework to determine the possible combinations of lengths that you could make. Create an exhaustive list. I think I found like five different cases; from there you can use permutations to determine the different ways to arrange the boards.

The answer is 1 1 + 6 ! 3 ! 2 ! \frac{6!}{3!2!} + 7 ! 4 ! 2 ! \frac{7!}{4!2!} + 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! \frac{7!}{5!2!} + 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! \frac{8!}{6!2!} = 215 215 .

Harsa Mitra
Jul 24, 2013

The only way to do this is to start with one of the lengths and see what is possible. You have to go 5 meters which is 500 cm, so

9 times 60 is 540. 9 60s is too many,

8 times 60 is 480. You don't have a 20 cm piece, so this doesn't work

7 times 60 is 420. No way to make 80 out of 70 and 100, so this doesn't work.

6 times 60 is 360. 500 minus 360 is 140 which you can make with two 70s.

5 times 60 is 300. 500 minus 300 is 200 which you can make with two 100s.

4 times 60 is 240. No way to get to 260 with just 70s and 100s, so this doesn't work.

3 times 60 is 180. Leaves 320, and you can't get there from here either without using 60s and that possibility is already counted above. 2 times 60 is 120. Leaves 380. 4 70s is 280 plus one 100 makes 380.

1 times 60 is 60. Leaves 440. 2 times 70 is 140 plus 3 times 100.

0 times 60. Leaves 500 which is just five 100s.

In sum:

5 100s 3 100s plus 2 70s plus 1 60 1 100 plus 4 70s plus 2 60s 2 100s plus 5 60s 2 70s plus 6 60s 5 ways. So now:- 1 + 6!/3!2! + 7!/4!2! + 7!/5!2! + 8!/6!2! = 215.

Sanjay Meena
Jul 24, 2013

Use casework to determine the possible combinations of lengths that you could make. Create an exhaustive list. I think I found like five different cases; from there you can use permutations to determine the different ways to arrange the boards.

The answer is 1 + 6!/3!2! + 7!/4!2! + 7!/5!2! + 8!/6!2! = 215.

Quang Minh Bùi
Jul 23, 2013

There are 5 cases to choose the set of planks:

Case 1 : 5 × 100 5 \times 100 : this case only have 1 1 path.

Case 2 : 60 + 2 × 70 + 3 × 100 60 + 2 \times 70 + 3 \times 100 : there are 6 ! 6! ways to build the path with 6 different planks, but 2 planks 70cm and 3 planks 100cm can be swapped to each other. Thus, the number of path can be built is 6 ! 2 ! 3 ! = 60 \frac {6!}{2!\cdot 3!} = 60 .

Case 3 : 2 × 60 + 4 × 70 + 100 2 \times 60 + 4 \times 70 + 100 : the number of path can be built is 7 ! 2 ! 4 ! = 105 \frac {7!}{2!\cdot 4!} = 105 .

Case 4 : 5 × 60 + 2 × 100 5 \times 60 + 2 \times 100 : the number of path can be built is 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! = 21 \frac {7!}{5!\cdot 2!} = 21 .

Case 5 : 6 × 60 + 2 × 70 6 \times 60 + 2 \times 70 : the number of path can be built is 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! = 28 \frac {8!}{6!\cdot 2!} = 28 .

So, the total number of path can be built is 1 + 60 + 105 + 21 + 28 = 215 1 + 60 + 105 + 21 + 28 = 215 .

Jian Feng Gao
Jul 23, 2013

1 + 6!/3!2! + 7!/4!2! + 7!/5!2! + 8!/6!2! = 215.

Erick Sumargo
Jul 23, 2013

1 Multiple Of 60 that is less than 500 : 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480 2.Multiple Of 70 that is less than 500 : 70, 140, 210, 280, 350, 420, 490

3.Multiple Of 100 that is less than or equal to 500 : 100, 200, 300, 400, 500

In order to build a path that has lenght 500 cm, we can combine some numbers from above :

  1. 100+100+100+100+100 = 500 ( 5 places to be filled by 5 times of 100 ) So that : \frac {5!}{5!} = 1 way

  2. 60+60+60+60+60+60+70+70 = 500 ( 8 places to be filled by 6 times of 60 and 2 times of 70) So that:: \frac {8!}{6! 2!} = 28 ways

  3. 60+60+60+60+60+100+100 = 500 (7 places to be filled by 5 times of 60 and 2 times of 100) So that : \frac {7!} {5! 2!} = 21 ways

  4. 60+70+70+100+100+100 = 500 (6 places to be filled by 1 time of 60, 2 times of 70 and 3 times of 100) So that : \frac {6!} {1! 2! 3!} = 60 ways

  5. 60+60+70+70+70+70+100 = 500 (7 places to be filled by 2 times of 60, 4 times of 70 and 1 time of 100) So that : \frac {7!} {2! 4! 1!} = 105 ways

Summing those ways and we finally get = 215 ways

there are only 5 cases that is 5x100, 3x100+2x70+60, 2x100+5x60, 100+4x70+2x60, 2x70+6x60 case 1 (5x100) only 1 way case 2 (3x100+2x70+60) this is same with multinomial with 6!/(3!x2!x1!)=60 ways case 3 ( 2x100+5x60) 7!/(2!x0!x5!)=21ways case 4 (100+4x70+2x60) 7!/(1!x4!x2!)=105 ways and case 5 (2x70+6x60) 8!/(0!x2!x6!)=28 ways the total is 215

Dani Natanael
Jul 23, 2013

Using cases and combination, which we must find the combination of (x,y,z), which x,y,z is non-negative integers, from the equation 60 x + 70 y + 100 z = 500 60x+70y+100z=500 , which is x,y,z represent the value of planks lengths, like 60 m, 70 m, and 100 cm. To make the cases become short, just start from the how many 100 cm planks we need. Just check from z = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case 1 : z = 0, so the equation become 60 x + 70 y = 500 60x+70y=500 6 x + 7 y = 50 6x+7y=50 we check the value from x = 0, we get x = 6, y = 2, so finally we found (x,y,z) = (6,2,0), which the combinations we get 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! = 28 \frac{8!}{6!2!}=28 pairs

Case 2 : z = 1, so the equation become 60 x + 70 y = 400 60x+70y=400 6 x + 7 y = 40 6x+7y=40 we check the value from x = 0, we get x = 2, y = 4, so finally we found (x,y,z) = (2,4,1), which the combinations we get 7 ! 4 ! 2 ! 1 ! = 105 \frac{7!}{4!2!1!}=105 pairs

Case 3 : z = 2, so the equation become 60 x + 70 y = 300 60x+70y=300 6 x + 7 y = 30 6x+7y=30 we check the value from x = 1, we get x = 5, y = 0, so finally we found (x,y,z) = (5,0,2), which the combinations we get 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! = 21 \frac{7!}{5!2!}=21 pairs

Case 4 : z = 3, so the equation become 60 x + 70 y = 200 60x+70y=200 6 x + 7 y = 20 6x+7y=20 we check the value from x = 1, we get x = 1, y = 2, so finally we found (x,y,z) = (1,2,3), which the combinations we get 6 ! 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! = 60 \frac{6!}{3!2!1!}=60 pairs

Case 5 : z = 4, so the equation become 60 x + 70 y = 100 60x+70y=100 6 x + 7 y = 10 6x+7y=10 we check the value from x = 1, but nothing we get from this cases

Case 6 : z = 5, the pairs we get is only 1, its (100,100,100,100,100)

Total combination overall

= 28 + 105 + 21 + 60 + 1

= 215

QED

Case I: No. of ways of arranging if there are 5, 100 cm plank + 0, 70 cm plank + 0, 60 cm plank = 5!/5! = 1

Case II: No. of ways of arranging if there are 5, 100 cm plank + 0, 70 cm plank + 0, 60 cm plank = 6!/3!2!1! = 60

Case III: No. of ways of arranging if there are 5, 100 cm plank + 0, 70 cm plank + 0, 60 cm plank = 7!/5!2! = 21

Case IV: No. of ways of arranging if there are 5, 100 cm plank + 0, 70 cm plank + 0, 60 cm plank = 7!/4!2!1! = 105

Case V: No. of ways of arranging if there are 5, 100 cm plank + 0, 70 cm plank + 0, 60 cm plank = 8!/6!2! = =28

Total number of ways = 1 + 60 + 21 + 105 + 28 = 215

Danny He
Jul 23, 2013

Since the numbers are all divisible by 10 10 we can ask the same question using the numbers 7 , 6 , 10 a n d 50 7,6,10 \:and\: 50 instead.

Now since 7 7 is odd and 6 , 10 , 50 6,10,50 are all even, we can therefore deduce that we can either have four, two or no 7 s 7's in our path. If we had four we would then need to make 50 28 = 22 50-28 = 22 out of 6 s 6's and 1 0 s 10's . Since the multiples of 6 6 that end in a 2 2 are 12 , 42 , 72 12,42,72 and so on, we can only use two 6 s 6's or else we would have a longer than 50 c m 50cm path. With the two 6 s 6's we now have 50 28 12 = 10 50-28-12 = 10 left so we simply use one 10 10 . Since there are four 7 s 7's , two 6 s 6's and one 10 10 , there are therefore 7 ! 4 ! 2 ! = 105 \frac{7!}{4!*2!} = 105 permutations.

Now if we had only two 7 s 7's for a total of 14 14 we then need to make 50 14 = 36 50-14 = 36 out of 6 s 6's and 1 0 s 10's . There are two ways to do this, one is to use one 6 6 and three 1 0 s 10's , the other is to use six 6 s 6's . In the first case there are 6 ! 2 ! 3 ! = 60 \frac{6!}{2!*3!} = 60 permutations. In the second case there are 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! = 28 \frac{8!}{6!*2!} = 28 permutations.

Finally, if we were to use no 7 s 7's at all, we would then need to make 50 50 out of only 6 s 6's and 1 0 s 10's . Again there are two ways to do this. One is to use five 6 s 6's and two 1 0 s 10's , the other is to use no 6 s 6's and five 1 0 s 10's . In the first case there are 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! = 21 \frac{7!}{5!*2!} = 21 permutations. In the second case there are 5 ! 5 ! = 1 \frac{5!}{5!} = 1 permutation.

Putting it all together we get that there are a total of 105 + 60 + 28 + 21 + 1 = 215 105 + 60+28+21+1 = 215 paths that can be made.

Adrian Duong
Jul 22, 2013

Let a , b , c a, b, c be the number of 60, 70, and 100 cm planks used. The number of different paths is the sum of ( a + b + c ) ! a ! b ! c ! \frac{(a + b +c)!}{a! b! c!} over all a , b , c a, b, c satisfying 6 a + 7 b + 10 c = 50 6a + 7b + 10c = 50 . Note that a 8 b 7 c 5 a \leq 8 \\ b \leq 7 \\ c \leq 5 it would be quickest to consider cases on c c . Suppose c = 5 c = 5 . Then 6 a + 7 b = 0 6a + 7b = 0 with a = b = 0 a = b = 0 being the only possibility, yielding 1 ordering.

Suppose c = 4 c = 4 . 6 a + 7 b = 10 6a + 7b = 10 has no solution so there are no orderings.

Suppose c = 3 c = 3 . 6 a + 7 b = 20 6a + 7b = 20 has exactly one solution: ( a , b ) = ( 1 , 2 ) (a,b) = (1, 2) . This yields 6 ! 3 ! 2 ! = 60 \frac{6!}{3!2!}\ = 60 orderings.

Suppose c = 2 c = 2 . 6 a + 7 b = 30 6a + 7b = 30 has exactly one solution: ( a , b ) = ( 5 , 0 ) (a,b) = (5, 0) . This yields 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! = 21 \frac{7!}{5!2!} = 21 orderings.

Suppose c = 1 c = 1 . 6 a + 7 b = 40 6a + 7b = 40 has exactly one solution: ( a , b ) = ( 2 , 4 ) (a, b) = (2,4) . This yields 7 ! 2 ! 4 ! = 105 \frac{7!}{2!4!} = 105 orderings.

Suppose c = 0 c = 0 . 6 a + 7 b = 50 6a + 7b = 50 has exactly one solution: ( a , b ) = ( 6 , 2 (a, b) = (6, 2 ). This yields 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! = 28 \frac{8!}{6!2!} = 28 orderings.

Finally, the sum of all orderings is 1 + 60 + 21 + 105 + 28 = 215 1 + 60 + 21 + 105 + 28 = 215 .

There are 5 possibilities of combining the planks lengths: 5 × 1 m , 3 × 1 m + 60 c m + 2 × 70 c m , 2 × 1 m + 5 × 60 c m , 1 m + 2 × 60 c m + 4 × 70 c m 5 \times 1m, 3 \times 1m+60cm+2 \times 70cm, 2 \times 1m+5 \times 60cm, 1m+2 \times 60cm+4 \times 70cm and 6 × 60 c m + 2 × 70 c m 6 \times 60cm+2 \times 70cm . In each of the combinations we divide number of all planks ! by number of planks 1m ! We divide the sum by number of planks 70cm !, and then by number of planks 60cm !. If any number of planks is equal to zero, we do not divide, because the sum must always be at least 1. Example: 6 × 60 c m + 2 × 70 c m 6 \times 60cm+2 \times 70cm . (8!/6!)/2!. There are no 1m planks, but we don't divide by 0!. The sums are: 1, 60, 21, 105, 28. The sum of these all is 215, so that is the answer. )

Tim Vermeulen
Jul 22, 2013

I first find all triples of nonnegative integers ( a , b , c ) (a,b,c) such that 10 a + 6 b + 7 c = 50 10a+6b+7c=50 . Note that always,

{ 0 a 5 , 0 b 8 , 0 c 7. \begin{cases} 0 \leq a \leq 5,\\ 0 \leq b \leq 8,\\ 0 \leq c \leq 7. \end{cases}

Due to parity, c c is always even. I consider 4 cases.

Case 1 : c = 0 c = 0

This implies that 10 a + 6 b = 50 5 a + 3 b = 25 3 b 0 ( m o d 5 ) b { 0 , 5 } 10a+6b=50 \implies 5a+3b=25 \implies 3b \equiv 0 \pmod{5} \implies b \in \{ 0,5 \} . So, this case yields two triples: ( 5 , 0 , 0 ) (5,0,0) and ( 2 , 5 , 0 ) (2,5,0) .

Case 2 : c = 2 c = 2

This implies that 10 a + 6 b = 36 5 a + 3 b = 18 5 a 0 ( m o d 3 ) a { 0 , 3 } 10a+6b=36 \implies 5a+3b=18 \implies 5a \equiv 0 \pmod{3} \implies a \in \{0,3\} . So, this case also yields two triples: ( 0 , 6 , 2 ) (0,6,2) and ( 3 , 1 , 2 ) (3,1,2) .

Case 3 : c = 4 c=4

This implies that 10 a + 6 b = 22 5 a + 3 b = 11 10a+6b=22 \implies 5a+3b=11 . Obviously, the only triple that this case yields is ( 1 , 2 , 4 ) (1,2,4) .

Case 4 : c = 6 c=6

This implies that 10 a + 6 b = 8 10a+6b=8 , and there are obviously no nonnegative integers a , b a,b that satisfy this.


So, ( a , b , c ) { ( 5 , 0 , 0 ) , ( 2 , 5 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 6 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 1 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 2 , 4 ) } (a,b,c) \in \{ (5,0,0), (2,5,0), (0,6,2), (3,1,2), (1,2,4) \} . For such a triple ( a , b , c ) (a,b,c) , the number of possible permutations is ( a + b + c ) ! a ! b ! c ! \frac{(a+b+c)!}{a!\cdot b!\cdot c!} because the planks can be ordered in ( a + b + c ) ! (a+b+c)! ways, but then all 1 meter planks have been permuted as well while they are the same, so we need to divide by a ! a! , and for similar reasons, we need to divide by b ! b! and by c ! c! . Thus, the total number of different paths that could be constructed is

5 ! 5 ! + ( 2 + 5 ) ! 2 ! 5 ! + ( 6 + 2 ) ! 6 ! 2 ! + ( 3 + 1 + 2 ) ! 3 ! 1 ! 2 ! + ( 1 + 2 + 4 ) ! 1 ! 2 ! 4 ! = 1 + 21 + 28 + 60 + 105 = 215 . \begin{aligned} \frac{5!}{5!} + \frac{(2+5)!}{2!\cdot 5!} + \frac{(6+2)!}{6!\cdot 2!} + \frac{(3+1+2)!}{3!\cdot 1!\cdot 2!} + \frac{(1+2+4)!}{1!\cdot 2!\cdot 4!} &=\\ 1 + 21 + 28 + 60 + 105 &= \boxed{215}. \end{aligned}

Hey Tim I and probably everyone can see 3 comments but they are spookily missing. Is anything wrong or they have been deleted ? And don't you think the voting system is a bit unfair(may be even worse at times) because people who submit a little late(maybe they solved late or took time in LaTeXing it properly ?

Nishant Sharma - 7 years, 10 months ago

Yeah they're deleted, I've never seen them, maybe it was spam.

I agree that the voting system as it is is a bit unfair, because they didn't randomize the solutions. I'm pretty sure next week it will be fixed.

Tim Vermeulen - 7 years, 10 months ago
Sumit Goel
Jul 22, 2013

case 1: 0 planks of 1m. we need 6 planks of 60 cm and 2 planks of 70 cm to complete the path.. 8!/(6!2!)=28 ways

case 2: 1 plank of 1m. we need 4 of 70cm and 2 of 60 cm.. 105 ways.

case 3: 2 plank of 1m. we need 5 of 60cm. 21 ways

case 4: 3 planks of 1m. we need 2 of 70cm and 1 of 60cm .. 60 ways

case 5: 4 plank of 1m. not possible

case 6: 5 plank of 1 m. 1 way

adding all the 6 cases we get 215 ways..

Yuchen Liu
Jul 21, 2013

Solving the equation of 6a+7b+10c=50, we get 5 different sets of solutions:

a=1, b=2, c=3

a=2, b=4, c=1

a=5, b=0, c=2

a=6, b=2, c=0

a=0, b=0, c=5

the 5 ways of arranging the planks can construct a total number of

6 ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! + 7 ! 2 ! 4 ! 1 ! + 7 ! 5 ! 2 ! + 8 ! 6 ! 2 ! + 1 = 215 \frac{6!}{1!2!3!}+\frac{7!}{2!4!1!}+\frac{7!}{5!2!}+\frac{8!}{6!2!}+1=215

distinct permutations.

Hence the answer is 215 \boxed{215} .

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