What are the missing digits?

Find the smallest positive integer whose cube ends in 888.


The answer is 192.

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1 solution

Let x x be the answer to this question. From the question, we know that x 3 888 m o d 1000 x 2 m o d 10 x^3\equiv888\mod{1000}\Rightarrow x\equiv2\mod{10}

Now, let x = 10 a + 2 x=10a+2 Substituting back into the original equation, we have ( 10 a + 2 ) 3 888 m o d 1000 1000 a 3 + 600 a 2 + 60 a + 8 888 m o d 1000 600 a 2 + 120 a 880 m o d 1000 (10a+2)^3\equiv888\mod{1000}\\1000a^3+600a^2+60a+8\equiv888\mod{1000}\\600a^2+120a\equiv 880\mod{1000}

This means that 60 a 2 + 12 a 60a^2+12a ends in 8. Trying all possible remainders of a a modulo 10, we find that only 9 satisfies this equivalence. Therefore, let a = 10 b + 9 x = 100 b + 92 a=10b+9\Rightarrow x=100b+92 . Then, we have ( 100 b + 92 ) 3 888 m o d 1000 1000000 b 3 + 2760000 b 2 + 2539200 b + 778688 888 m o d 1000 200 b + 688 888 m o d 1000 (100b+92)^3\equiv888\mod{1000}\\1000000b^3+2760000b^2+2539200b+778688\equiv888\mod{1000}\\200b+688\equiv888\mod{1000}

Clearly, the smallest possible value of b b is 1, so the answer is 192.

Hi, i'm a bit weak with modular arithmetic, so could you please clear my silly doubt? When you mentioned that x is 2 mod 10, then does that simply come from the fact that the cube ends with 8? Like, does it simply come from observation?

Also, if you have the time, could you help my in understanding modular inverses? It will be of real help as I'm struggling with the Chinese Remainder theorem. Thanks!

Mehul Arora - 4 years, 11 months ago

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The fact that x is 2 mod 10 is due to the fact that its cube ends with 8. Checking all one digit numbers, we can observe that x ends with 2 in order for its cube to end with 8.

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 11 months ago

sorry but i dont know mod arthmetic at all so is there any other solution plz

Jus Jaisinghani - 4 years, 11 months ago

@Jerry Han Jia Tao Can you please explain the 4th step (60a^2 + 12a ends in 8) ? Thanks in advance !

Alan Joel - 4 years, 11 months ago

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@Alan Joel

Because 600 a 2 + 120 a 880 m o d 1000 600a^2 + 120a \equiv 880 \mod 1000 , he divided both sides by 10, giving 60 a 2 + 12 a 88 m o d 100 60a^2 + 12a \equiv 88 \mod 100 which implies that it ends in 8

Mehul Arora - 4 years, 11 months ago

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Thank you !!! @Mehul Arora

Alan Joel - 4 years, 11 months ago

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@Alan Joel You're most certainly welcome :)

Mehul Arora - 4 years, 11 months ago

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