( x − 7 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 1 ) = 1 6 8 0
Find the sum of all x that satisfy the equation above.
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There's a simpler way to do. Can you find it?
Easiest way i guess is
( x 2 − 2 x − 3 5 ) ( x 2 − 2 x − 3 ) = x 4 − 4 x 3 ± others
So by vietas we get the sum of all roots as 4
(As pointed out by Siddharth below)
Note that you could have applied Vieta's formula right from the start. For any k , the sum of all roots to
( x − 7 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 1 ) = k
will be the negative of the cubic term, IE − ( − 7 − 3 + 5 + 1 ) = 4 .
If you were looking for just real roots, then of course we will need a different approach.
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Yeah , the question asks for all roots. But if the question had asked for only real roots , my method would have been more appropriate. Thanks Sir! @Calvin Lin So you are the challenge master? (Just asking for curiosity)
Oh haha! It's the cubic term, not the linear term.
what difference btw approaching for 'all root' and 'only real root'. in both we will look coeff of x^3??
Every body has done the same way nihar has, yet nobody has upvoted his solution
:(
I don't know why but whenever I put this equation in my calculator it gives me the values of X as -7 and 9.
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Yeah , your calculator is right. Those are the integer roots for the given equation. What's wrong then?
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How come the answer is 4 whereas it should be 2 because -7 plus 9=2
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@Harshit Sharma – Because there are complex roots too. See my solution.
Cheers! @Nihar Mahajan xD xD
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@Pi Han Goh Can you give me a hint?
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@Nihar Mahajan , Is @Pi Han Goh the challenge master?
I did it your way. I don't know what's the simpler way.
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@Pi Han Goh – So you are not challenge master? I am surprised
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@Nihar Mahajan – I wish I am. Then I will delete all the crappy problems in Explore hahah!
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@Pi Han Goh – So is it Calvin sir? If yes , @Calvin Lin Sir , please give me a hint. I can't find easier method than this. Thanks!
why u did'nt applied vieta's formula on 3rd step.....
We are just looking for the sum of the roots of the given equation and here the poser did not asked for sum of real roots. So , simply using the Vieta's formal we get our answer as 4. No need to open the completed brackets just find out the coefficients of x 4 w h i c h i s o b v i o u s l y 1 a n d o f x 3 w h i c h w e c a n o b s e r v e i s − 7 + ( − 3 ) + 5 + 1 = − 4 . So the answer comes out to be \box 4 .
Suppose, the solutions for the final equation are: a, b, c and d
Then, (x-a)(x-b)(x-c)(x-d) = 0
x^4 - (a+b+c+d)x^3+ .... +abcd = 0
The given equation is: (x-7)(x-3)(x+5)(x+1)-1680 = 0
The co-efficients in both the equations have to be same. Taking co-efficients of x^3:
(a+b+c+d) = (7+3-5-1) = 4
After expansion, coefficient of x^3 is -4 and that of x^4 is 1. (-b/a) gives sum of roots, which is -(-4/1) = 4
Simple and elegant !
( x − 7 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 1 ) = 1 6 8 0 ⇒ x 4 − 4 x 3 − 3 4 x 2 + 7 6 x − 1 5 7 5 = 0 B y v i e t a ′ s f o r m u l a s u m o f r o o t s = 4
You don't actually need to find the coefficient of the other terms other than x 3 because we are only interested in finding the sum of roots.
Note that to find the sum of the solutions we must find a n a n − 1 where a n − 1 is the coefficient of x 3 and a n is the coefficient of x 4 . The x 4 coefficient is clearly 1. There are only 4 x 3 terms when the brackets are expanded, each formed by multiplying the x terms in 3 of the brackets and then multiplying by the constant in the remaining bracket.
( x − 7 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 1 ) → 1 x 3
( x − 7 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 1 ) → 5 x 3
( x − 7 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 1 ) → − 3 x 3
( x − 7 ) ( x − 7 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 5 ) → − 7 x 3
The x 3 term is therefore 1 x 3 + 5 x 3 + ( − 3 x 3 ) + ( − 7 x 3 ) = − 4 x 3
Therefore the sum of solutions is − 1 − 4 = 4
The first of Newton's Identities is the way to go, of course, but you can also define x : = y + 1 to get an even polynomial P ( y ) : 1 6 8 0 = ( y − 6 ) ( y − 2 ) ( y + 6 ) ( y + 2 ) = ( y 2 − 4 ) ( y 2 − 3 6 ) ⇒ P ( y ) : = y 4 − 4 0 y 2 − 1 5 3 6 = 0 By symmetry, P ( y ) has the roots y 1 , 2 = ± a , y 3 , 4 = ± b , a , b ∈ C , so they cancel each other out in the sum k = 1 ∑ 4 x k = k = 1 ∑ 4 ( 1 + y k ) = 4 + k = 1 ∑ 4 y k = 4 + 0 = 4
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( x − 7 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 1 ) = 1 6 8 0
( x − 7 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 1 ) = 1 6 8 0
( x 2 − 2 x − 3 5 ) ( x 2 − 2 x − 3 ) = 1 6 8 0
Let x 2 − 2 x = a
( a − 3 5 ) ( a − 3 ) = 1 6 8 0
a 2 − 3 8 a + 1 0 5 − 1 6 8 0 = 0
a 2 − 3 8 a − 1 5 7 5 = 0
( a − 6 3 ) ( a + 2 5 ) = 0
⇒ a = 6 3 o r a = − 2 5
When a = − 2 5 ⇒ x 2 − 2 x + 2 5 = 0 ⇒ x = 2 2 ± − 9 6 which are complex roots .
When a = 6 3 ⇒ x 2 − 2 x − 6 3 = 0 , the discriminant is positive.
Hence by Vieta's formula , sum of all roots = 2 + 2 = 4
Cheers! xD