A and B are two distinct positive numbers such that their average is equal to C .
Is it possible for the average of A 2 and B 2 to be C 2 ?
In mathematics, two things are distinct if they are different, that is, not equal.
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Duh - I had all of the equations correct - but I missed the word 'distinct'. My conclusion was "Yes it is possible provided that A = B = C". So I don't think I have it WRONG :p
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Yes me too. Distinct to me doesn't necessarily mean different.
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In mathematics, "distinct" always means different.
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@Jason Dyer – I was thinking of it as, say, two distinct coins. They may have the same value.
Just to help people out, I used our new glossary feature to add a definition to the word "distinct" (you can mouse-hover over the word to see it, or push it on the app).
Could someone tell me why (A^2 + B^2)/2 =(A^2+2AB +B^2)/4, please? I would be really grateful.
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It doesn't. C 2 = 4 A 2 + 2 A B + B 2 . The problem is asking us if the average of A 2 and B 2 ( 2 A 2 + B 2 ) is ever equal to C 2 . I just substituted 4 A 2 + 2 A B + B 2 in for C 2 .
Third line is incorrect. Should not be divided by 2
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The formula for the average of a pair of numbers is indeed (A+B)/2. I'm otherwise not sure what you're referring to?
So, you don't need the information that the numbers are positive.
but for 1 is correct
We are trying to find a solution to
A 2 + B 2 = 2 C 2 A + B = 2 C
Dividing the equations by C 2 and C respectively, we see this is equivalent to solving
α 2 + β 2 = 2 α + β = 2
In the alpha-beta plane this amounts to the intersection of a circle with a line. This can have at most two solutions, and it is easy to confirm with a quick sketch that in fact the line is a tangent to the circle and there is one (repeated) solution at (1,1).
Tracing the argument backwards we see that this solution results in A = B.
Since the problem stipulated that A and B were distinct positive real numbers, we see that no such solutions exist to the problem.
A picture to help illustrate:
Very creative solution! I never would've thought that analytical geometry could solve this problem as well!
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This. I never considered my question to have any geometrical significance here. I'm glad to be proven wrong.
My first reaction was too naive, thinking that 3^2 + 4^2 = 5^2, rubbish!
Literally, it is readily, the root mean squard C is always between A and B, if A, B > 0 and A ≠ B.
It's interesting!
thanks to the moderator for the diagram.
btw Could you suggest a good (preferably free) package to create pictures like this to paste into Brilliant?
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At Brilliant, we have a Mathematica license (which I used for this image) although you can get the same images via just Wolfram Alpha. (You can screenshot via whatever method you use, clip into a PNG file, and upload that. SVG as I put up here requires an actual license, but that's not necessary.)
Desmos also would likely make a fine looking graph for the purposes of this problem.
Brilliant! =)
Relevant wiki: Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality
The average of A and B is given by C = 2 A + B . The average A 2 and B 2 is 2 A 2 + B 2 . If 2 A 2 + B 2 = C 2 , then
2 A 2 + B 2 ⟹ ( A + B ) 2 = ( 2 A + B ) 2 = 2 ( A 2 + B 2 )
By Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we have ( A + B ) 2 ≤ 2 ( A 2 + B 2 ) for all positive A and B and equality occurs when A = B . Since A and B are distinct, equality cannot occur. No, it is not possible ,
Assume it's possible.
2 A + B = C ⟹ 2 A 2 + B 2 = ( 2 A + B ) 2 ⟹ 2 A 2 + 2 B 2 = A 2 + 2 A B + B 2 ⟹ ( A − B ) 2 = 0 ⟹ A = B .
Since A and B are given as distinct positive numbers ⟹ it's not possible.
Let x be a real number such that A = C + x and B = C − x . This ensures 2 A + B = C . But: 2 A 2 + B 2 = 2 ( C + x ) 2 + ( C − x ) 2 = 2 C 2 + 2 C x + x 2 + C 2 − 2 C x + x 2 = C 2 + x 2 = C 2 ⇒ x = 0
This implies that A = B = C which is contradictional, as A and B must be distinct positive numbers.
Oh wow. This is a pleasantly surprising approach, I have never seen anything like this before!
Note that 2 A + B = C 4 ( A + B ) 2 = C 2 4 A 2 + B 2 + 2 A B = C 2 A 2 + B 2 + 2 A B = 4 C 2 If 2 A 2 + B 2 = C 2 , then A 2 + B 2 = 2 C 2 , and we have A 2 + B 2 + 2 A B = 4 C 2 2 C 2 + 2 A B = 4 C 2 2 C 2 + 2 A B = 4 C 2 2 A B = 2 C 2 A B = C 2 We know that A B is always positive, as a positive number times a positive number is positive. C 2 is also always positive, as the average of two positive numbers must be positive. This means that we can square root both sides. Doing so gives A B = C . By AM-GM, A B ≤ 2 A + B = C . Equality is achieved when A = B , but we are given that A and B are distinct, so this is impossible.
This is only possible when the arithmatic and geometric mean are same, which is true only for two identical numbers. But the constraint is that they are distinct, hence imposible.
We have: { a + b = 2 c a 2 + b 2 = 2 c 2
⇔ { a 2 + 2 a b + b 2 = 4 c 2 a 2 + b 2 = 2 c 2
⇔ { a + b = 2 c 2 a b = 2 c 2
⇔ { 2 a + b = c a b = c
or 2 a + b = a b
According to the Cauchy theorem, this happens if and only if a = b, which contradict the statement. So the answer is No, it's not possible for the average of a 2 and b 2 to equals to c 2 .
Note that 2 A 2 + B 2 ≥ ( 2 A + B ) 2 = C 2 with the equality holds if and only if A = B . Since A = B , 2 A 2 + B 2 > C 2 , which means that the average of A 2 and B 2 is always greater than C 2 .
Can you prove that first inequality?
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We know from AM-GM inequality that A 2 + B 2 ≥ 2 A B , and this tell us that 2 ( A 2 + B 2 ) ≥ A 2 + B 2 + 2 A B = ( A + B ) 2 . Now divide both sides by 4, we proved the inequality.
Quadratic function is convex, therefore, for two differences positive numbers square of the average will be always less than average of squares
For A=8,B=7andC=7.5 A+B/2=7.5 But A^2+B^2/2 is not equal to C^2 I.E,88.5 is not equal to 56.25
No bcuz I tried 2 different numbers and it didn’t work
That's not the right way to solve this. I'm asking whether it is possible to find a pair positive numbers ( A , B ) that satisfies this. What you have done is that you have only a pair (or two?) of positive numbers, maybe there is a pair that you did not know of that satisfies this?
The relationship is possible when A = B = C =1
You're wrong it is possible! Take an Isosceles triangle; the square on the hypotenuse 'C' is equal to the square of the other two sides 'A&B' Say; A = 2² + B =2² = 8 and the √8 = 2.828427 So; very simply: A + B = C! N'est ce pas?
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Assuming arithmetic mean... 2 A + B = C ⟹ C 2 = 4 A 2 + 2 A B + B 2 2 A 2 + B 2 = 4 A 2 + 2 A B + B 2 ⟹ 2 A 2 + 2 B 2 = A 2 + 2 A B + B 2 ⟹ 0 = − A 2 + 2 A B − B 2 ⟹ 0 = − ( A 2 − 2 A B + B 2 ) ⟹ 0 = ( A − B ) 2
However, A and B are distinct. Therefore, their difference can not be 0 and the situation is impossible. β ⌈ ∣ ⌉