∫ 0 ∞ x 4 + x 2 + 1 d x = b c a π
The equation above holds true for positive coprime integers a , b , and c , with c being square-free. Find a + b + c .
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@Hamza A This one was easier compared to your other problems......:) (btw, where do you get all these questions from ???)
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Haha! It was intended to be. Sometimes I derive inspiration from math books but this one just crossed my mind, and it wasn't too hard to solve.
That's a very useful transformation. I'm probably missing something obvious, but how do you get from your first line to your second? (Where does the x 2 in the numerator come from?)
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Ohh, well, I transformed the integral by taking x = t 1 which implied d x = − t 2 1 d t
Now, putting this in the integral, we get
A = − ∫ ∞ 0 t 4 + t 2 + 1 t 2 d t
= ∫ 0 ∞ x 4 + x 2 + 1 x 2 d x
In the last line I just changed the variable from t to x ......Hope it helps :)
P.S. The Cauchy Schlomilch Transformation is actually a special case of the more general Glasser's Master Theorem
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Yep, that helps - quite a big step in your solution!!
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@Chris Lewis – Sorry!! I have edited my solution now......
What is cauchy schlomilch transformation
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It is a special case of the more general Glasser's Master Theorem
We have A = ∫ 0 ∞ x 4 + x 2 + 1 1 d x = 2 1 ∫ R x 4 + x 2 + 1 1 d x = 2 1 ∫ R ( x 2 − ω ) ( x 2 − ω 2 ) 1 d x = π i ( R e s z = ω + R e s z = − ω 2 ) ( z 2 − ω ) ( z 2 − ω 2 ) 1 = π i ( 2 ω ( ω 2 − ω ) 1 + − 2 ω 2 ( ω − ω 2 ) 1 ) = 2 3 π making the answer 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 .
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A = ∫ 0 ∞ x 4 + x 2 + 1 1 d x
Now, making a change of variables x = t 1 implies d x = − t 2 1 d t
Thus,
A = − ∫ ∞ 0 t 4 + t 2 + 1 t 2 d t
= ∫ 0 ∞ x 4 + x 2 + 1 x 2 d x
= 2 1 ∫ − ∞ ∞ ( x − x 1 ) 2 + 3 1 d x
Now, using the Cauchy Schlomilch transformation,
A = 2 1 ∫ − ∞ ∞ x 2 + 3 1 d x
= 2 3 π
Thus, a = 1 , b = 2 , c = 3 making the answer 6