Who's up to the challenge? 3

Calculus Level 5

Over all positive reals, find the minimum value (to 2 decimal places) of

F = a + b + c + 1 a + 1 b + 1 c + ln ( a b c ) . F=a+b+{ c }+\frac { 1 }{ a } +\frac { 1 }{ b } +\frac { 1 }{ c } +\ln(abc).


The answer is 5.265.

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3 solutions

Hamza A
Jan 24, 2016

F = a + b + c + 1 a + 1 b + 1 c + ln ( a b c ) F=a+b+{ c }+\frac { 1 }{ a } +\frac { 1 }{ b } +\frac { 1 }{ c } +\ln(abc) Hence, F = ( 1 1 a 2 + 1 a 1 1 b 2 + 1 b 1 1 c 2 + 1 c ) \nabla F=\begin{pmatrix} 1-\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 1 }{ a } \\ 1-\frac { 1 }{ { b }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 1 }{ b } \\ 1-\frac { 1 }{ { c }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 1 }{ c } \end{pmatrix} Since the equation is symmetric and we're looking for a , b , c a,b,c such that F = 0 \nabla F=0 we can solve for when 1 1 x 2 + 1 x = 0 1-\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x}=0

There is a unique positive root to 1 1 x 2 + 1 x 1-\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x} , hence a , b , c a,b,c must all be equal to this value at equilibrium.

1 1 a 2 + 1 a = 0 1-\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 1 }{ a } =0 a = ϕ o r ϕ 1 a=-\phi \quad or\quad \phi -1 Since only one value of a a is positive, namely ϕ 1 \phi-1 , we can proceed to take the hessian. H ( a , b , c ) = [ 1 + 2 a 3 1 a 2 0 0 0 1 + 2 b 3 1 a 2 0 0 0 1 + 2 c 3 1 c 2 ] H(a,b,c)=\begin{bmatrix} 1+\frac { 2 }{ { a }^{ 3 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1+\frac { 2 }{ { b }^{ 3 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1+\frac { 2 }{ { c }^{ 3 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { c }^{ 2 } } \end{bmatrix} H ( ϕ 1 , ϕ 1 , ϕ 1 ) ( 6.854 0 0 0 6.854 0 0 0 6.854 ) H(\phi -1,\phi -1,\phi -1)\approx \begin{pmatrix} 6.854 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 6.854 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 6.854 \end{pmatrix}

The determinant of the first,second,and third principal minors of the matrix above are positive which implies that this is a local minimum. After plugging in we obtain min F ( a , b , c ) 5.2 \min{F(a,b,c)} \approx 5.2

Given that k \lceil k \rceil is easily wrongly guessed with ( 1 , 1 , 1 ) (1,1,1) , I've updated the problem statement to finding the value directly.

This problem is really interesting. Thanks for sharing it!

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 4 months ago

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yeah ,i wanted to change it because people were using AM-GM inequalities and easily solving it since the answers agree ,but their solution was wrong just like you mentioned

and that's why i like brilliant ,it's full of interesting problems and i'm happy that i'm contributing to the community here,thanks for trying it (:

Hamza A - 5 years, 4 months ago

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In future, if you want to update the answer, simply report the problem. We look into problems reported by their creators within a day.

I'm looking forward to more problems like this!

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 4 months ago

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@Calvin Lin https://brilliant.org/problems/whos-up-to-the-challenge4/?group=pWBqMfRTyfQM

finally done with science fair and back to problem writing !

Hamza A - 5 years, 4 months ago

If f(x)=x+(1/x)+ln(x), then F=f(a)+f(b)+f(c). So, minimising each term would be correct, right?

Deeparaj Bhat - 5 years, 3 months ago

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no,you can't just focus on minimizing one part of the expression,you would want to find the minimum of the whole expression

Hamza A - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Hamza A Actually, in this particular case, yes we can. As pointed out by Deeparaj, we want to minimize F = f ( a ) + f ( b ) + f ( c ) F = f(a) + f(b) + f(c) , subject to a , b , c > 0 a, b, c > 0 . Changing the value of a a to affect f ( a ) f(a) will not affect the corresponding values of f ( b ) f(b) or f ( c ) f(c) .

However, in most cases where we want to minimize F F subject to some other condition (say a b c = 1 abc = 1 ), then we may not be able to minimize each term individually, since changing a a will result in us having to change the values of b b and/or c c .

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 3 months ago

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@Calvin Lin oh yes,you're right

a is not part of f(b) or f(c)

Hamza A - 5 years, 3 months ago

@Hamza A Hey, why are two of your problems given the same number in the set?? Check this one ......:)

Aaghaz Mahajan - 2 years, 3 months ago

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Hahha too many to keep track of I guess!

Hamza A - 2 years, 3 months ago

Note, the reasoning for a = b = c a= b = c is wrong. Instead, it should be "There is a unique positive root to 1 1 x 2 + 1 x 1 - \frac{1}{x^2} + \frac{1}{x} , hence a , b , c a, b, c must all be equal to this value at equilibrium."

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 4 months ago

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oh yeah,thanks for pointing that out ,i'll edit it

Hamza A - 5 years, 4 months ago
Shashwat Avasthi
Feb 3, 2016

At minima of the F, a+1/a+ln(a), b+1/b+ln(b) and c+1/c+ln(c) individually are at their minima since a b and c are independent of each other. Individually finding the minima of any of the above and then multiplying by 3 gives the answer

A . M . G . M . a + b + c + 1 a + 1 b + 1 c 6 a . b . c a . b . c 6 = > a + b + c + 1 a + 1 b + 1 c 6 w e k n o w t h a t ln x > 0 = > a + b + c + 1 a + 1 b + 1 c + ln x > 6 m i n a + b + c + 1 a + 1 b + 1 c + ln x = 6 A.M.\ge G.M.\\ \frac { a+b+c+\frac { 1 }{ a } +\frac { 1 }{ b } +\frac { 1 }{ c } }{ 6 } \ge \sqrt [ 6 ]{ \frac { a.b.c }{ a.b.c } } \\ =>a+b+c+\frac { 1 }{ a } +\frac { 1 }{ b } +\frac { 1 }{ c } \ge 6\quad \\ we\quad know\quad that\quad \ln { x } >0\\ =>a+b+c+\frac { 1 }{ a } +\frac { 1 }{ b } +\frac { 1 }{ c } +\ln { x } >6\quad \\ min\quad a+b+c+\frac { 1 }{ a } +\frac { 1 }{ b } +\frac { 1 }{ c } +\ln { x } =6

Moderator note:

When we want to find the max/min of f ( x ) + g ( x ) f(x) + g(x) , we cannot simply look for the max/min of f ( x ) f(x) first.

In particular, this solution is incorrect.

actually, l n x ln x can be less than zero

consider numbers lower than 1

the important thing is that x > 0 x>0

Hamza A - 5 years, 4 months ago

When we want to find the max/min of f ( x ) + g ( x ) f(x) + g(x) , we cannot simply look for the max/min of f ( x ) f(x) first.

In particular, this solution is incorrect.

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 4 months ago

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