There are at least 3 students in a classroom. The teacher then randomly shuffles the students's position.
What is the maximum possible probability that none of the students are in their original position?
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Let us first convince ourselves that the maximum occurs at even n
Okay, you have shown that "if n is even, then max(P(n)) occurs when n=4". But why can't the maximum occurs when n is odd?
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thats simple
if maxima occurs at an P ( 2 n + 1 ) , the next term is an addition which makes the maxima lesser than P ( 2 n + 2 ) which is a contradiction
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Yeah that's good. You should add that into your solution. ;)
I was actually thinking of solving this problem by converting P(N) = N! * D(N), and rewriting D(N) as the integral as shown here , but yours is clearly much easier. KUDOS
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@Pi Han Goh – yeah!I added it :)
the simplicity of my solution arises from the fact that my knowledge is currently limited.
If i was aware of some such integral before,i might have gone that way too!
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@Rohith M.Athreya – COngratulations! Keep it uppp!!!
To find the maximum probability, note that your expression for the probability when there are LaTeX: n students is a partial sum of an alternating series. Use this (along n ≥ 3 ) to find maximum probability is just 0 ! 1 − 1 ! 1 + 2 ! 1 − 3 ! 1 + 4 ! 1 = 0 . 3 7 5
The maximum doesn't occur in the limit.
To find the maximum probability, note that your expression for the probability when there are n students is a partial sum of an alternating series. Use this (along with n ≥ 3 ) to find maximum probability is just 0 ! 1 − 1 ! 1 + 2 ! 1 − 3 ! 1 + 4 ! 1 = 0 . 3 7 5
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Yes, it would have been better to have us find b a where a , b are coprime and then enter a + b as the answer, which would be 3 + 8 = 1 1 .
The maximum is attained at n = 4, which gives a probability of 3/8 = 0.375. After which the probability value D(n)/n!, approaches 1/e(~0.3679) for n>4.
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Ohkay ohkay.
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You didn't explain why the answer is true when n=4.
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Let P ( n ) denote the probability of "the required event"
P ( n ) = ∑ r = 0 n r ! ( − 1 ) r
Let us first convince ourselves that the maximum occurs at even n
Why? if maxima occurs at a P ( 2 n + 1 ) , the next term is an addition which makes the maxima lesser than P ( 2 n + 2 ) which is a contradiction
Now,let us assume that a maximum occurs at a certain k > 4
P ( k ) = 0 ! 1 − 1 ! 1 + 2 ! 1 − . . . + ( k − 2 ) ! 1 − ( k − 1 ) ! 1 + k ! 1
Clearly, P ( k − 2 ) > P ( k )
And so, P ( 2 ) is greatest.But since there have to be atleast 3 students, our maxima is at P ( 4 ) which is 0.375