Will they fit?

I have a square puzzle consisting of 10 × 10 = 100 10 \times 10 = 100 pieces.

If I pick two pieces at random, what is the probability that they fit together, i.e. they lie next to each other in the puzzle?

If the probability can be written as a b \frac ab with coprime positive integers a a and b , b, give your answer as a + b . a+b.

Details and Assumptions:

  • Every piece is equally likely to be picked. I don't look whether the first piece has a straight edge or similar tricks.
  • Every piece only fits together with its neighboring pieces, and there is a unique solution to the puzzle.


The answer is 57.

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3 solutions

Zac Mann
Nov 8, 2018

There are 4 corner pieces, 32 edge pieces and 64 centre pieces. Two pieces fit with corners, three with edges and four with centres. So the probability is 4 100 × 2 99 + 32 100 × 3 99 + 64 100 × 4 99 = 2 55 \frac{4}{100}\times\frac{2}{99} + \frac{32}{100}\times\frac{3}{99} + \frac{64}{100}\times\frac{4}{99} = \frac{2}{55} , and the answer is 57 \boxed{57} .

This question is rubbish. There is no standard jig-saw puzzle format with a fixed number of corner, edge, center pieces. Is the jig-saw even square? Where does that come from? If that was meant to be implied by the 10 x 10, it wasn't clear - why not just ask how many adjacent squares in a 10 x 10 grid?

The poser of the problem needs to find more interesting jig-saw puzzles!

Ian Rayner - 2 years, 6 months ago

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Yeah, I assumed the 10 x 10 meant it was square.

Zac Mann - 2 years, 6 months ago

The pictures should make this clear. Also, what do you think of as a 10×10 puzzle?

Henry U - 2 years, 6 months ago

Thanks. I've clarified that the puzzle is a square.

Brilliant Mathematics Staff - 2 years, 6 months ago

Explained it like a pro!

Akash Jha - 2 years, 6 months ago

Nowhere is it stated what the number of neighbors a piece may have.

John Doyle - 2 years, 6 months ago

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These are normal square pieces that lie on a flat surface in a finite square pattern, so a piece can only have 2, 3 or 4 neighbours.

Henry U - 2 years, 6 months ago

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How about hexagonal pieces? They should all fit together and be truncated at the edges and corners. I think you just have to state the shape of the pieces as part of the definition of the problem.

John Doyle - 2 years, 6 months ago

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@John Doyle That's interesting. Here's an example of a hexagonal 5 x 5 puzzle https://imgur.com/a/DSTWa0B. But then you might also have to clarify that the squares are the same size as well, since you can construct a square with side length 12 from 10 x 10 = 100 square pieces of different sizes (94 x 1^2 + 4 x 2^2 + 3^2 + 5^2 = 12^2). Unless that's not a valid jigsaw puzzle.

Zac Mann - 2 years, 6 months ago

What about the case when one corner and one adjacent piece is picked. This scenario is included in both first and second part. Similarly what about when second and third part of sum has common/duplicate scenario.

Hari Om Swarnkar - 2 years, 5 months ago

It was not clear to me that diagonally adjacent pieces did not count. If you count diagonally adjacents, the probability is 19/275 => sum=294.

Bion Smalley - 2 years, 4 months ago
Mark Hennings
Nov 6, 2018

There are 9 9 adjacent pairs of pieces in each row and column of the puzzle. Thus there are 20 × 9 = 180 20\times9=180 pairs of pieces which are adjacent, and so fit together,. There are ( 100 2 ) = 4950 \binom{100}{2} = 4950 pairs of pieces that can be chosen, so the desired probability is 180 4950 = 2 55 \tfrac{180}{4950} = \tfrac{2}{55} , making the answer 57 \boxed{57} .

Very neat answer .

Adrian Weston - 2 years, 6 months ago

Best answer

PIYUSH SARANGI - 2 years, 6 months ago
Mayukh Biswas
Nov 23, 2018

Imagine the puzzle is solved; and imagine each piece to be a dot. So, you get a 10x10 dotted matrix. You have to find the no. Of ways of choosing 2 adjacent dots. Keep 2 sticks vertically so that they cover any 2 adjacent columns of dots, and keep one stick horizontally on any row of dots( think of the letter H). The rule is: move the two sticks together, and the horizontal stick on any horizontal series of dots. Intersection of sticks give 2 horizontally adjacent dots.

No. Of ways to move 2 vertical sticks= 9. No. Of ways to move the other stick = 10. so, p=9 10= 90. You can choose 2 dots vertically as well. Repeat the same experiment by switching the orientation of sticks(like the letter H rotated 90 deg). Again q=90. Total no. Of ways of choosing adjacent dots = p+q=90+90=180=m(say). No. Of ways of choosing any 2 dots = 100C2=n(say). m/n= 2/55 (in coprime form). 2+55=57. *By this method, we can safely ignore the edge piece/corner piece assumptions, as asked in the question

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