Worry-able everywhere - 4

Algebra Level 5

( x 2 + x 57 ) 3 x 2 + 3 = ( x 2 + x 57 ) 10 x \left( x^2+x-57 \right)^{3x^2+3}=\left( x^2+x-57 \right)^{10x} Find the sum (rounded off up to 3 decimal places) of all real values of x x satisfying the above equation.


The answer is 16.400.

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1 solution

Yee-Lynn Lee
Aug 1, 2015

Real solutions consist of rational and irrational solutions. We have already figured these out in previous problems. (If you already know the solutions for these, then skip the explanation).

Looking at our 4 cases and the discriminant of each from the solution to the first problem:

3 x 2 + 3 = 10 x 3{ x }^{ 2 }+3=10x

Discriminant: 64 64

x 2 + x 57 = 0 { x }^{ 2 }+x-57=0

Discriminant: 229 229

x 2 + x 57 = 1 { x }^{ 2 }+x-57=1

Discriminant: 233 233

x 2 + x 57 = 1 { x }^{ 2 }+x-57=-1

Discriminant: 225 225

R a t i o n a l S o l u t i o n s Rational\quad Solutions

We see that the first case and the fourth case yield discriminants that are perfect squares, and will therefore yield rational solutions.

Factoring the first equation gives us

( 3 x 1 ) ( x 3 ) = 0 (3x-1)(x-3)=0

So, x = 3 , x = 1 3 x=3,x=\frac { 1 }{ 3 }

Substituting these values in the original problem, we see that they both work.

Factoring the fourth equation gives us

( x 7 ) ( x + 8 ) = 0 (x-7)(x+8)=0

So, x = 7 , x = 8 x=7,\quad x=-8

However, since this case sets the base as 1 -1 , we must check if these values make both 3 x 2 + 3 3{ x }^{ 2 }+3 and 10 x 10x even or both odd.

Substituting x = 7 x=7 , we get 3 ( 7 ) 2 + 3 = 150 , 10 ( 7 ) = 70 3{ (7) }^{ 2 }+3=150,\quad 10(7)=70

These are both even, so the end equation is 1 = 1 1=1

Substituting x = 8 x=-8 , we get 3 ( 8 ) 2 + 3 = 195 , 10 ( 8 ) = 80 3{ (-8) }^{ 2 }+3=195,\quad 10(-8)=-80

Since one is odd and one is even, the end result in 1 = 1 -1=1 , which is not true.

We disregard the solution x = 8 x=-8 , so adding up the other solutions gives us 3 + 1 3 + 7 = 10 1 3 , o r 10. 3 3+\frac { 1 }{ 3 } +7=10\frac { 1 }{ 3 } ,\quad or\quad 10.\overline { 3 } .

I r r a t i o n a l S o l u t i o n s Irrational\quad Solutions

We see that the second and third equations have positive but non perfect square roots, so they will yield irrational solutions.

Using the quadratic formula on the second equation, b ± b 2 4 a c 2 \frac { -b\pm \sqrt { { b }^{ 2 }-4ac } }{ 2 } , gives us the solutions x = 1 ± 229 2 x=\frac { -1\pm \sqrt { 229 } }{ 2 } .

These solutions will make the base 0 0 , but we must check to see what they make the powers, 3 x 2 + 3 a n d 10 x { 3{ x }^{ 2 }+3\quad and\quad 10x } , because if the power(s) is negative, then it would equal 1 0 n \frac { 1 }{ { 0 }^{ n } } , which is undefined.

Substituting in x = 1 + 229 2 x=\frac { -1+\sqrt { 229 } }{ 2 } ,

3 ( 1 + 229 2 ) 2 + 3 24.199 3{ (\frac { -1+\sqrt { 229 } }{ 2 } ) }^{ 2 }+3\cong 24.199

10 ( 1 + 229 2 ) 70.664 10{ (\frac { -1+\sqrt { 229 } }{ 2 } ) }\cong 70.664

Therefore, this solution works.

Substituting in x = 1 229 2 x=\frac { -1-\sqrt { 229 } }{ 2 } ,

3 ( 1 229 2 ) 2 + 3 198.199 3{ (\frac { -1-\sqrt { 229 } }{ 2 } ) }^{ 2 }+3\cong 198.199

10 ( 1 + 229 2 ) 80.664 10{ (\frac { -1+\sqrt { 229 } }{ 2 } ) }\cong -80.664

The 10 x 10x power becomes negative, and therefore, this is not a valid solution. Using the quadratic equation on the third equation, we get x = 1 ± 233 2 x=\frac { -1\pm \sqrt { 233 } }{ 2 }

Since 1 raised to any power, positive or negative, is 1, these solutions work.

Adding up the solutions, we get 1 + 233 2 + 1 233 2 + 1 + 229 2 \frac { -1+\sqrt { 233 } }{ 2 } { +\frac { -1-\sqrt { 233 } }{ 2 } +\frac { -1+\sqrt { 229 } }{ 2 } \cong } 6.066372975 6.066372975 .

Now, adding up our sums of rational and irrational solutions, we can get the sum of all real solutions. Note that we want to add the not rounded sums of each first, then round.

6.066372975 + 10.3333333333 = 16.39970631 6.066372975+10.3333333333=16.39970631 , which rounds to 16.400 \boxed {16.400}

Moderator note:

Great analysis.

in an expression like a^x don't we usually assume a>0??

shuvam keshari - 5 years, 10 months ago

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I don't quite understand your question...Why can't a=0 or a<0?

Yee-Lynn Lee - 5 years, 10 months ago

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suppose we have in an expression (-1)^0.5 or say 0^0

shuvam keshari - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Shuvam Keshari That's why we have to check our solutions in the original equation. I explained that in my solution (if that was unclear, would you like me to rephrase?). However, if you leave out all a values that are less than or equal to 0, you miss some of the valid solutions to the problem.

Yee-Lynn Lee - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Yee-Lynn Lee oh! now I get it. Thanks. By the way, your solution was really impressive.

shuvam keshari - 5 years, 10 months ago

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@Shuvam Keshari Thank you!

Yee-Lynn Lee - 5 years, 10 months ago

Detailed clear solution. So happy to see the solution! +1):

Niranjan Khanderia - 4 years, 11 months ago

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